Quantitative determination of magnetic force on a coronary stent in MRI

Lopič, Nina; Jelen, Andreja; Vrtnik, S.; Jagličić, Zvonko; Wencka, Magdalena; Starc, Radovan; Blinc, Aleš; Dolinšek, J.

doi:10.1002/jmri.23831

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Most recently, Guo et al reported a magnetic susceptibility of 1.42 × 10 −6 in a metastable beta-type Zr-12Nb-4Sn alloy [173]. Moreover, quantitative determination of the magnetic force exerted on a stent in MRI magnet is also significant as large susceptibility of stent material, higher magnetic field, and larger gradient can increase the magnetic force on metallic implant upon entering an MRI magnet [174].…”

Section: Magnetic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success

et al. 2022

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Balloon expandable coronary stenting has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology as a potential, minimally invasive modality for treating coronary artery disease. Even though stenting is successful compared to angioplasty (that leaves no stent in place), still there are many associated clinical complications. Bare metal stents are associated with in-stent restenosis caused mostly by neointimal hyperplasia, whereas success of drug-eluting stents comes at the expense of late-stent thrombosis and neoatherosclerosis. Even though innovative and promising, clinical trials with bioabsorbable stents reported thrombosis and a rapid pace of degradation without performing scaffolding action in several instances. It should be noted that a vast majority of these stents are based on a metallic platform which still holds the potential to mitigate major cardiovascular events and reduced economic burden to patients, alongside continuous improvement in stent technology and antiplatelet regimes. Hence, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to assess the clinically relevant material properties for a metallic stent material. From a materials perspective, the major causes identified for clinical failure of stents are inferior mechanical properties and blood-material interaction-related complications at the stent surface. In addition to these, the stent material should possess increased radiopacity for improved visibility and lower magnetic susceptibility values for artefact reduction. Moreover, the review provides an overview of future scope of percutaneous coronary interventional strategy. Most importantly, this review highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach by clinicians, biomaterial scientists, and interventional cardiologists to collaborate in mitigating the impediments associated with cardiovascular stents for alleviating sufferings of millions of people worldwide.

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Section: Magnetic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success

et al. 2022

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“…However, our 7 day pig implantation data showed that 2205 stainless steel had good blood and tissue compatibility. The methods presented in this study do not address the techniques for advanced mechanical testing of the stents such as fatigue testing or long-term interaction of the magnetic material with the blood [24][25][26][27][28] . In addition, the weak ferromagnetic nature of 2205 stainless steel was able to capture magnetically-labeled cells, but a novel material with stronger magnetic properties may improve cell capture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Uthamaraj

Tefft

Hlinomaz

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

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“…The 316L SS stent experienced a force of 5.2 μN at 4.1 T; theoretically, this would not injure tissues. In another study, the magnetic forces on coronary stents fabricated of surgical SS were determined by measuring stent magnetic dipole moments employing the on-axis magnetic field profile of an MRI magnet (32). The maximum force was 0.18 μN, thus even smaller than the gravitational force on the stent; no physiological impact would be expected.…”

Section: Ss Stentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with airway stents

Yang

Jin

et al. 2018

J. Thorac. Dis

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Airway stent implantation is a highly effective treatment for airway stenosis. However, it is presently unclear whether patients with airway stents can safely undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such stents may be metallic or non-metallic, and MRI may induce stent dislodgment or heating and may be associated with stent-induced artifacts. We thoroughly reviewed the literature, experimental data, and manufacturer information on non-metallic, stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium alloy stents. Non-metallic stents are made of non-ferromagnetic materials associated with no MRI concerns. SS stents may shift in a magnetic field, generating significant artifacts. Nickel-titanium alloy stents are not at risk of dislodgement or heating, but may create some artifacts affecting image quality. Both non-metallic and nickel-titanium alloy stents are safe for patients who must undergo MRI. However, the safety of SS stents depends on the type of steel used.

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Quantitative determination of magnetic force on a coronary stent in MRI

Abstract: The magnetic force on the investigated paramagnetic stents is even smaller than the gravitational force acting on the stents in the Earth's gravity field, so that it has no physiological impact on the stented vessels.

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success

Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with airway stents

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