Quantitative determination of sibutramine in adulterated herbal slimming formulations by TLC-image analysis method

Phattanawasin, Panadda; Sotanaphun, Uthai; Sukwattanasinit, Tasamaporn; Akkarawaranthorn, Jariya; Kitchaiya, Sarunyaporn

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.12.004

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The demand for botanical dietary supplements (BDS) originating from purely natural substances is prominently increasing due to the belief that these "natural" herbal products are harmless and do not cause the detrimental side effects of chemical drugs or their analogues [1]. To improve the efficacy of BDS, some manufacturers intentionally and illegally add one or more pharmaceutical drugs, including those prohibited by the administrative authority of the government [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid on-site detection of ephedrine and its analogues used as adulterants in slimming dietary supplements by TLC-SERS

Cao

Lou

et al. 2014

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Ephedrine and its analogues are in the list of prohibited substance in adulteration to botanical dietary supplements (BDS) for their uncontrollable stimulating side effects. However, they were always adulterated illegally in BDS to promote losing weight. In order to avoid detection, various kinds of ephedrine analogues were added rather than ephedrine itself. This has brought about great difficulties in authentication of BDS. In this study, we put forward for the first time a method which combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to directly identify trace adulterant. Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, and norephedrine were mixed and used in this method to develop an analytical model. As a result, the four analogues were separated efficiently in TLC analysis, and trace-components and low-background SERS detection was realized. The limit of detection (LOD) of the four analogues was 0.01 mg/mL. Eight common Raman peaks (△υ = 620, 1003, 1030, 1159, 1181, 1205, 1454, 1603 cm(-1)) were extracted experimentally and statistically to characterize the common feature of ephedrine analogues. A TLC-SERS method coupled with common-peak model was adopted to examine nine practical samples, two of which were found to be adulterated with ephedrine analogues. Identification results were then confirmed by UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis. The proposed method was simple, rapid, and accurate and can also be employed to trace adulterant identification even when there are no available reference derivatives on-site or unknown types of ephedrine analogues are adulterated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid on-site detection of ephedrine and its analogues used as adulterants in slimming dietary supplements by TLC-SERS

Cao

Lou

et al. 2014

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…[159][160][161] Its low therapeutic dose and its ease of synthesis make it a convenient and economic adulterant. Methods using ion mobility mass spectrometry, [162] TLC image analysis, [163] attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy, micro-near infrared systems, and direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) [164] have been reported. Many LC-MS methods for detection of sibutramine are available and GC-MS methods have also been successfully applied.…”

Section: Drug Testing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)

Pawar

Grundel

2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The multi-billion dollar dietary supplement industry is global in reach. The industry has been criticized for problems related to poor quality control, safety, misbranding, and adulteration. In this review, we describe how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), which amended the FD&C Act, gave the FDA the authority to promulgate Good Manufacturing Practices for dietary supplements and required that manufacturers provide the FDA information supporting a conclusion that the ingredients are reasonably expected to be safe if the dietary ingredients were not marketed in the USA before 15 October 1994. Recent amendments to the FD&C Act require that serious dietary-supplement-related adverse events be reported to the FDA and provide the agency with mandatory recall authority. We discuss the presence of naturally occurring (e.g. Ephedra, Citrus aurantium, Acacia) and synthetic (e.g. β-methylphenethylamines, methylsynephrine, α-ethyl-phenethylamine) biologically active phenethylamines (PEAs) in dietary supplements and of PEA drugs (e.g. clenbuterol, fenfluramine, sibutramine, lorcaserin) in weight-loss products. Regulatory actions against manufacturers of products labelled as dietary supplements that contain the aliphatic amines 1,3-dimethylamine and 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, and PEAs such as β-methylphenethylamine, aegeline, and Dendrobium illustrate the FDA's use of its authority under the FD&C Act to promote dietary supplement safety. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…Despite several central and peripheral side effects it is used alongside diet and exercise by obese patients resulting in life threatening complications [9][10][11][12]. Phenolphthalein on repeated use damages the intestinal mucosa and liver, causes serious psychiatric problems and also produces carcinogenic effect due to estrogenic and clastogenic properties, hence banned [13][14][15].…”

Section: Abstract: Slimming Products Sibutramine Phenolphthaleinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Illicit Substances in Slimming Products Available in UAE

Alabdooli¹,

Js²,

Chandrasekaran³

et al. 2017

Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences

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Quantitative determination of sibutramine in adulterated herbal slimming formulations by TLC-image analysis method

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Rapid on-site detection of ephedrine and its analogues used as adulterants in slimming dietary supplements by TLC-SERS

Rapid on-site detection of ephedrine and its analogues used as adulterants in slimming dietary supplements by TLC-SERS

Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)

Detection of Illicit Substances in Slimming Products Available in UAE

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