Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment

Chen, Wen-Ling; Xie, Zhiyong; Wolschke, Hendrik; Gandrass, Juergen; Kötke, Danijela; Winkelmann, Magnus; Ebinghaus, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The PHCZ profiles in the HJ and MW samples are similar to those in environmental media and biota. For example, 36‐CCZ has been detected in sediments from Germany and Lake Tai in China, 29,31 and 3‐CCZ and 36‐CCZ have been detected in soil from Germany at concentrations up to 35 ng/g 21 . In addition to environmental media, 36‐CCZ has also been detected at high concentrations in fish and harbor seals 9 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Sun

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are dioxin‐like compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. However, their unintentional emissions from industrial sources have received little attention and there is no method available for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste. This research develops a method for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste. Methods In this research, a glass column packed with activated silica serves as a rapid and efficient clean‐up pretreatment for purification. An isotope dilution gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was established for simultaneous determination of eleven PHCZs in industrial samples. Results The regression coefficients of the standard curves for the congeners were all >0.99. The method detection limit ranged from 1.46 to 3.82 ng/mL for liquid samples and from 0.009 to 0.021 ng/g for solid samples. The precision described by the relative standard deviation ranged from 2.4% to 18.4% for liquid samples and from 5.5% to 35.8% for solid samples. The recovery ranges for the liquid and solid samples were 82%–123% and 83%–137%, respectively. 3‐Chlorocarbazole (3‐CCZ) and 36‐dichlorocarbazole (36‐CCZ) can be detected in both chemical bottom liquid from vinyl chloride production and fly ash from medical waste incineration by this method. Conclusions An efficient method is established for determination of PHCZs from industrial waste. The discovery of 3‐CCZ and 36‐CCZ highlights the importance of identification of potential industrial sources of PHCZs and clarification of their contribution to environmental risks. Our method could be applied to investigate industrial emission of PHCZs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Sun

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…However, due to the limitations of detection technology and development of standard materials, it was not until more than 20 years later that the research on PHCZs gradually increased. In recent years, a variety of PHCZs were successively detected in sediments from Lake Michigan [5], Ontario (Canada) [6,7], Great Lakes [8,9], Lippe river (Germany) [10], industrial coastal area of Kavala city (Greece) [11], the North Sea (Germany) [12], Lake Huron (USA) [13], San Francisco Bay (USA) [14], Lake Tai (China) [15], Jiulong River (Fujian, China) [16], Jiaozhou Bay wetland (Shandong, China) [17], northern South China Sea [18], East China Sea [19,20], as well as in soils from Bavarian (Germany) [21] and farmland between the village of Zhoucheng and Erhai Lake (southwest China) [22], Great Lakes Fish [23], San Francisco Bay top predators [14], Munich (Germany) dust and air [24], with concentrations from pg/g to ng/g, and up to several thousand ng/g dry weight. This suggests a broad distribution of PHCZs in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, the most preferred detection techniques for PHCZs were based on GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode [4][5][8][9][10][11][13][14][15]17,[19][20][21]23,26]. Besides, two-dimensional GC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) [6,7], high-resolution GC-MS (GC-HRMS) [26], GC-MS/MS [12,22,24,26], and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) [16,18] also have applications in PHCZs analysis. As the concentrations of these compounds are mostly in the range of pg/L-ng/L, analytes in environmental water need to be extracted, purified, and concentrated prior to instrumental analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in waters at low nanogram‐per‐liter concentrations with solid‐phase disk extraction

Zhao

Jin

2021

J of Separation Science

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Polyhalogenated carbazoles, a class of emerging contaminants with persistence and dioxin-like toxicity, have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and high throughput method based on solidphase disk extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was described for the determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in low nanogram-per-liter range in water samples. The proposed solid-phase disk extraction method was initially optimized, and the optimum experimental conditions found were 1 L water sample (pH 6-9) extracted and enriched by Empore 3-stn octadecyl disk at flow rate of 5 to 50 mL/min and eluted by 5 mL of acetone and 3 × 10 mL methylene dichloride. The linearity of the method ranged from 0.2 to 50 ng/L for carbazole and 11 polyhalogenated carbazoles, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9951 to 0.9996. The limits of detection were in the low nanogram per liter level, ranging from 0.018 to 0.12 ng/L. Finally, the optimized method was applied for determining trace levels of carbazole and 11 polyhalogenated carbazoles in tap water and seawater samples with good recovery of 86.6-112.8%. Carbazole and 3-7 polyhalogenated carbazoles were detected, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole was the predominant congener both in tap water and seawater.

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“…Halogenated carbazoles are heteroaromatic compounds with bio-accumulative, potentially persistent, biomagnification and dioxin-like toxicity characteristics, some of which are regarded as hazardous environmental contaminants [1,2]. Up until now, the major causes of emerging halogenated carbazoles have been wastewater discharge and industrial waste in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Zhu et al identified the chemical structure of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole and found 3-bromocarbazole in sediment from Lake Michigan in the United States by using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques [4,5]. According to the physical and chemical properties of halogenated carbazoles identified in the literature, 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (log Kow = 6.79) and 3-bromocarbazole (log Kow = 4.12) chemicals with low aqueous solubilities are not easily to degradable [1]. Therefore, they have received extensive attention because of the environmental problems they cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods

2018

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The 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole and 3-bromocarbazole have attracted great attention in the ecotoxicology field recently as hazardous environmental contaminants. In this study, the quenching mechanism of these two substances binding with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated with spectroscopic methods. Through fluorescence quenching and binding site experiments with steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis spectra, the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA quenched by 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole and 3-bromocarbazole both in static process, are activated by binding to site II (subdomain IIIA) of the HSA. In addition, it was not only found that the conformation and secondary structure of the proteins changes, but also that their spontaneous binding processes were driven by electrostatic interactions as well as hydrophobic forces for HSA-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole, and by typical hydrophobic forces for HSA-3-bromocarbazole. The above studies are beneficial to enhance our understanding of the ecotoxicology and environmental behaviors of halogenated carbazoles.

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Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in waters at low nanogram‐per‐liter concentrations with solid‐phase disk extraction

Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods

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