Quantitative estimates of dietary intake with special emphasis on snacking pattern and nutritional status of free living adults in urban slums of Delhi: impact of nutrition transition

Abstract

BackgroundThe nutritional landscape of India is experiencing the fallout of urbanization and globalization. The changes are manifest in dietary patterns as well as health outcomes. The study aimed at assessing household dietary intake pattern with special emphasis on snacking pattern, anthropometric and lipid profiles in low socio-economic status households in an urban slum of Delhi.MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study in 260 households of a purposively selected urban slum in North-East district of Delhi, India. Family dietary surveys including consumption pattern of commercial food products rich in Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils (PHVOs), 24 h dietary recall and assessment of dietary diversity using Household Diet Diversity Scores (HDDS) were done. Assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric and lipid profile on a subsample (n =130) were also conducted.ResultsMedian energy and fat intake were adequate. Micronutrient intake was found to be inadequate for vitamin A, riboflavin, calcium and folate. PHVO usage was low (<20 % households). Milk (39 %), green leafy vegetables (25 %) and fruits (25 %) intake were below recommendations. Mean HDDS was 7.87. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was high (66.7 %). Lipid profile showed mean HDL-C levels lower than recommendations for females.ConclusionCommunity based awareness programs for prevention of non-communicable diseases should incorporate healthy diet and lifestyle practices with emphasis on quantity and quality of nutrient intake. This must be considered as an integral part of chronic disease prevention strategy for underprivileged communities in urban India.

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Consumption Pattern and Health Implications of Convenience Foods: A Practical Review

“…Poti et al [39] revealed that Ready-to-Eat (68.1%) and Ready-to-Heat (15.2%) products supplied the majority of energy as they contained higher saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content than unprocessed foods. Singh et al [40] revealed the association of obesity with increased intake of convenience foods. It stated that with changing dietary habits and the rise in consumption of ready-made meals, the prevalence of obesity was also increasing.…”

Who is more Food Secure among Rural, Peri-urban and Urban Households in Pakistan? Results from a field survey in Punjab province

“…This study used two levels of protein intake, i.e. 50 grams and 70 grams for ensuring protein security [3,17,42,50,57,58]. According to household's information, value 1 was used for protein secure households while otherwise 0 for rest.…”

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