Quantitative evaluation of carbonation in concrete using nonlinear ultrasound

Kim, Gun; Kim, Jin-Yeon; Kurtis, Kimberly E.; Jacobs, Laurence J.; Pape, Yann Le; Guimaraes, Maria

doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0506-1

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This recommendation is due to the near field or Fresnel region, where great ultrasound pressure fluctuations occur, hindering defect detection; while in the far-field or Fraunhofer region, the ultrasound pressure gradually tends toward zero [48,53]. If the transducers are placed close to the plate, undesirable reflections can appear between the transducer face and the specimen [59,84]. However, some researchers ignore the near field effects and adjust the distances according to the received amplitude [28] or the signal fidelity and repeatability of the experiment [3], obtaining good results.…”

Section: Mathematical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Vázquez

Gosalbez

Bosch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Lamb waves have emerged as a valuable tool to examine long plate-like structures in a faster way compared to conventional bulk wave techniques, which make them attractive in non-destructive testing. However, they present a multimodal and dispersive nature, which hinders signal identification. Oblique incidence is one of the most known methods to generate and receive Lamb waves and it is applied in different experimental arrangements with different types of sensors. In this work, several setups were conducted and compared to determine the optimal ones to launch and detect ultrasonic Lamb waves, especially in non-homogeneous specimens. The chosen arrangements were contact with angle beam transducers, immersion in a water tank, localised water coupling using conical containers and air coupling. Plates of two different materials were used, stainless steel and Portland cement mortar. Theoretical and experimental dispersion curves were compared to verify the existence of Lamb modes and good correspondence was achieved.

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Section: Mathematical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Vázquez

Gosalbez

Bosch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…To determine the compressive strength of concrete, destructive coring tests as well as nondestructive testing (NDT) methods such as the rebound hammer, ultrasonic tests, and radar are widely used [1]. However, because each testing method has advantages and disadvantages, continuous efforts are still being made to improve the accuracy and reliability of these methods [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steel Plates on Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Concrete via Ultrasonic Testing

Rhim

Kim

Cho³

et al. 2020

Materials

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The presence of embedded steel affects the estimates obtained for the compressive strength of concrete during ultrasonic testing, as it increases the ultrasonic wave velocity. Thus, if the presence of steel in concrete is inevitable, then a correction factor is required for an accurate estimation of the concrete strength. While previous studies focused on the effect of steel reinforcing bars on the speed of ultrasonic waves in concrete, this work expands on the significance of embedded steel from steel bars to include steel plates. The wave velocity was measured for varying dimensions of embedded steel plates from 15 mm to 150 mm using 54-kHz ultrasonic testing equipment. Through experiments, the effect of steel plates on the ultrasonic testing of concrete was quantified to derive proper correction factors. It was found that the thickness, depth, and height of the steel plates significantly affected the test results. These findings can be applied to ultrasonic testing to estimate the compressive strength of concrete consisting of a significant volume of steel, such as in steel-reinforced concrete structures.

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“…It is also proven that the use of air-coupled sensors is not sensitive to surface conditions in concrete and is sensitive to the existence of cracks as waves propagate across it [3]. It can also assess material nonlinearity [11] including carbonation inside concrete materials [12]. As the noncontact test method enables fast scanning of large structures, the amplitude information that is obtained is dependable and consistent when it is transmitted to the solid material [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact and Noncontact Ultrasonic Nondestructive Test in Reinforced Concrete Beam

Ongpeng

Oreta

Hirose

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Contact-type ultrasonic test is commonly used in construction industry where gel-couplant is applied to the material being tested and the transducers to assure that wave propagation will travel through without any air gaps. However, this method has disadvantages, since surface preparation is considered prior to testing. Another method of testing without the worry of air gaps that causes scattering of waves before it reaches the medium is the use of the noncontact ultrasonic test. In particular, the air-coupled ultrasonic test is done in this paper for reinforced concrete beams. Sixteen plain concrete cube specimens under the compression test and six reinforced concrete beam specimens under the four-point bending test are made with water-cement ratio of 40% and 60%. The plain concrete cubes are investigated to establish the relationship of the contact ultrasonic test and load. Added parameters are considered to investigate the sensitivity of the contact and noncontact ultrasonic test in reinforced concrete beams. These are ultrasonic wave path and the neutral axis index. It shows that the higher water-cement ratio produces good sensitivity in the noncontact ultrasonic test, since it produces more cracks on the tension face. Lower water-cement ratio gives good sensitivity with load for the contact ultrasonic test, since it has its ultrasonic wave path passing through the concrete experiencing compression. In addition, the neutral axis index for a member subjected to bending is an important factor in assessing the sensitivity of both contact and noncontact ultrasonic test.

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Quantitative evaluation of carbonation in concrete using nonlinear ultrasound

Cited by 55 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Effect of Steel Plates on Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Concrete via Ultrasonic Testing

Contact and Noncontact Ultrasonic Nondestructive Test in Reinforced Concrete Beam

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