Quantitative evaluation of the breakdown process of spark discharge for spark-ignition engines

Huang, Shuai; Li, Tie; Ma, Pengfei; Xie, Siyu; Zhang, Zhifei; Chen, Run

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab56da

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In lean operation conditions, late injection is effective than early injection at ensuring stable combustion with sufficient mixture formation. [2,[34][35]. With late injection, however, it is challenging to reduce the misfire tendency due to the huge amount of fuel injected under mid-load operating conditions.…”

Section: Ignition and Injection Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Excess Air Ratio on Emissions, Performance and Efficiency of Gasoline Fueled Engines: A Review

Sinkala,

Özarslan,

Benarous

2024

enenstrg

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In this paper, the fundamental aspects of the effect of excess air ratio (λ) on emissions and engine performance in spark-ignition engines are reviewed. The pollutants examined under both lean and ultra-lean conditions are oxides of nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. There is usually a range of fuel to air ratios beyond which ignition will not take place, hence, among the many techniques, some significant technologies that enable a leaner combustion mode in spark-ignition engines exist, which include modifications in the engine design, operating parameters and improvement of the fuels. In this paper, mainly the most prominent, up to date, and effective technologies such as ignition strategy, injection strategy, fuel blending, pre-chamber addition, are included. In addition to the effect the excess air ratio has on emissions, engine performance and efficiency are reviewed. This is done through the analysis of the Indicated Mean Effect Pressure, Coefficient of Variation, Fuel Consumption and Indicated Thermal Efficiency. The topics discussed relate to the primary categories listed above, but they are not exclusive to them. Finally, a conclusion and recommendations for future work are considered

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Section: Ignition and Injection Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Excess Air Ratio on Emissions, Performance and Efficiency of Gasoline Fueled Engines: A Review

Sinkala,

Özarslan,

Benarous

2024

enenstrg

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“…The use of pure air instead of propaneair-EGR mixture results in 5% lower ambient density (air: 12.3 kg m −3 , mixture: 12.95 kg m −3 at 453 K, 16 bar) and misses two chemical species (propane 2.83%, carbon dioxide 8.74% in mole fraction), which may lead to different breakdown characteristics. However, a recent experimental study [26] indicated that the variation of fuel concentrations has little effects on the breakdown voltage if the hydrocarbon concentration is low (<10%). Thus, the modeled environment would not largely differ from the actual vessel condition for plasma formation.…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the spark discharge process in a crossflow

Kim¹,

Scarcelli²,

Karpatne³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The present study numerically investigates the spark discharge process under crossflow conditions using a thermal equilibrium plasma solver that fully couples the electromagnetic physics and fluid dynamics in a computational framework. Numerical results are validated by the comparison with experimental data. The spark discharge experiment is performed in a constant volume vessel using an inductive coil ignition system for automotive applications, and the evolution of the spark channel is measured using high-speed imaging. The crossflow in the gap between the spark-plug electrodes is generated by a rotating fan with two different fan speeds, and the flow velocity across the gap is characterized by particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver is employed to simulate the crossflow and provide the flow field variables (velocity, pressure, temperature) to the plasma solver. The crossflow velocity predicted in the flow simulation agrees well with the PIV data in that the non-uniform velocity profiles at monitoring points are reproduced by the CFD code. With the crossflow initialization in the plasma solver, the simulated spark discharge process from the breakdown to spark discharge matches the experimental data, including the voltage and circuit waveforms and the high-speed images of the spark channel evolution. The stretch of spark channel captured by plasma simulations agrees with the measured data. The plasma simulation reveals that the mean temperature of the spark channel is maintained at 5000 K during the discharge phase, and the temperature varies along the spark channel so that the highest value is obtained at the spark root on the center electrode. Overall, the results presented in this paper are meant to provide valuable information about the properties of the plasma generated by the spark discharge.

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“…Research by Maly and Vogel represents an early example of chamber measurements of spark ignition in which the ignition and the size, expansion velocity, and radial temperature of the flame front of varying lean methane-air mixtures were measured using interferometry. 5 More recently, chamber measurements with optical access have employed varying pressures, 6,7 varying or very high spark gap velocities, [7][8][9][10] varying discharge current, 7,9 or spark gap 11 settings to study the ignition and flame propagation characteristics. Spark channel elongation and RS have been identified as by-products of enhanced spark gap velocity and, depending on the spark gap size or amount of energy deposited, may decrease ignition stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of spark behavior under diluted conditions in an optically accessible engine

Welch,

Illmann,

Schmidt

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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An optically accessible single-cylinder spark-ignition engine operated under homogeneous, part-load conditions is experimentally investigated using optical and spark diagnostics to evaluate the relationship between the spark, flow, and flame with increasing dilution using several levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Voltage and current measurements of the secondary spark circuit are compared with simultaneous high-speed spark plasma imaging, particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow field, and burned gas images. Specifically, characteristic restrike cycles and normal cycles are examined under the 0 % EGR and 12.9 % EGR conditions to reveal a relationship between the magnitude and direction of the velocity near the spark plug and the spark’s behavior coupled with that of the subsequent flame propagation. Through the use of conditional statistics and correlation analysis of data sets of all non-restrike and all restrike cycles, the horizontal velocity across the spark gap was identified as a critical quantity in facilitating more stable and faster combustion under diluted mixture conditions.

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Quantitative evaluation of the breakdown process of spark discharge for spark-ignition engines

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Excess Air Ratio on Emissions, Performance and Efficiency of Gasoline Fueled Engines: A Review

Effect of Excess Air Ratio on Emissions, Performance and Efficiency of Gasoline Fueled Engines: A Review

Numerical investigation of the spark discharge process in a crossflow

Experimental evaluation of spark behavior under diluted conditions in an optically accessible engine

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