Quantitative Gas Chromatography of Mononuclear Hydroxymethylphenols as Acetate Esters.

Higginbottom, H. P.; Culbertson, H. M.; Woodbrey, James C.

doi:10.1021/ac60227a019

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“… c Measured by a modified hydroxylamine chlorohydrate method d Measured by quantitative paper chromatography. e Measured by an acetylationgas–liquid chromatography (GLC) method f Measured by HPLC. …”

Section: Review Of Freeman and Lewis Zavitsas Et Al And Higuchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4) The total concentration of P and its methylolated derivatives ([P o , p T ], as defined by eq ), was determined as follows. Zavitsas et al employed gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) to measure the acetylated derivatives of all of the phenolic species, with the acetylations carried out in two steps: first, all hemiformals were reconverted into hydroxymethylphenols with SO 2 –pyridine, and then all hydroxymethylphenols (i.e., both the original and reconverted) were acetylated with pyridine–acetic anhydride . In Freeman and Lewis and Higuchi et al, [P o , p T ] was respectively determined by paper chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Review Of Freeman and Lewis Zavitsas Et Al And Higuchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, these hemiformals can also polymerize as follows: When F is consumed through eqs and , all of the initial polymeric species eventually revert into F . In alkaline conditions, the production of hemiformals from P (eqs and ) has not been detected, ,, and for this reason eqs and will not be further considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dMeasured by quantitative paper chromatography. e Measured by an acetylationgas−liquid chromatography (GLC) method 14. f Measured by HPLC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxymethylation of Phenol Revisited: A Readjusted Mathematical Model

Nicolau

Estenoz

Meira

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The hydroxymethylation of phenol in alkaline conditions is the first step in the synthesis of resols, which must be later cured for the production of final articles. A mathematical model for the hydroxymethylation of phenol is presented. It is based on the kinetic mechanism by Freeman and Lewis (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2080−2087) and includes a set of side reactions. Arrhenius expressions for the seven hydroxymethylation kinetic constants at pH 8−10 and temperatures 30−57 °C, and in the absence of methanol, were recalculated from the constants reported by Zavitsas et al. (J. Polym. Sci., Part A-1: Polym. Chem. 1968, 6, 2541−2559), in order to take into consideration the hydration/dehydration of formaldehyde and other side reactions. The model adequately predicts the measurements in the mentioned publications and in Higuchi et al. (J. Wood Sci. 1999, 45, 306−312). All of the kinetic parameters were directly or indirectly taken from the literature and were not readjusted to the measurements.

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Section: Review Of Freeman and Lewis Zavitsas Et Al And Higuchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Freeman and Lewis Zavitsas Et Al And Higuchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dMeasured by quantitative paper chromatography. e Measured by an acetylationgas−liquid chromatography (GLC) method 14. f Measured by HPLC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxymethylation of Phenol Revisited: A Readjusted Mathematical Model

Nicolau

Estenoz

Meira

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The principal method used until recently was paper chromatography, a technique which at best can only be regarded as semiquantitative. ZAVITSAS and his co-worker132 recently published some impressive work in which the analysis was carried out using the acetylation-GLC method of HIGGINBOTTOM et al 3. In addition to considering the different dissociation constants of the methylolphenols, ZAVITSAS also took into account formaldehyde polymer equilibria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the methylolation of phenol using gel permeation chromatography

Aldersley¹,

Hope²

1972

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) waa used to investigate the course of the sodium hydroxide catalysed methylolation of phenol in dilute aqueous solution. At low concentrations, the initial rate of methylolation was directly proportional to the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and of formaldehyde.By computer integration of the rate equations for the methylolation of phenol, of 2-methyl01 phenol and of 4-methyl01 phenol, the experimental rate curves were simulated and optimal values for the rate constants of all the methylolation steps were obtained. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG :Die durch Natriumhydroxid katalysierte Hydroxymethylierung des Phenols in verdiinnter wgl3riger Losung wurde mit Hilfe der Gelchromatographie untersucht. Bei niedriger Konzentration war die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Hydroxymethylierung direkt proportional der Konzentration von Natriumhydroxid und von Formaldehyd.Die experimentell erlangten Geschwindigkeitskurven der Hydroxymethylierung des Phenols, des 2-Methylolphenols und des 4-Methylolphenols wurden durch Integrieren mittels Computer reproduziert, und Optimalwerte fiir die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten aller Hydroxymethylierungsstufen wurden bestimmt.

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Zur Analyse von Phenol‐Formaldehyd‐Harzen mittels Hochdruckflüssigchromatographie

Much

Pasch

1982

Acta Polymerica

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Mit Hilfe einer verbesserten Methode der Hochdruckflussigchromatographie gelang die Charakterisierung von PhenolFormaldehyd-Harzen des Resoltyps. Die Anwendung der Gradientenelution fuhrte zur Auftrennung in die einzelnen Komponenten, die durch Vergleich rnit entsprechenden Referenzsubstanzen identifiziert wurden.Ananus $e~Jco-$opwaJtbae~uan~x c a o~ aemoaoa xu6kocmnofi xpowamoepa$uu nod 8bkCOEU.M aaemnuent C noMowbm ynyrrueHHoro MeToga X C H~K O C T H O~~ xpoMaTorpa@an nog BMCOKHM RamemeM xapaKTepaaosaHbI @eHono-@OpManbaWH~HbIe CMOJIbI pe30nbHOrO THIIa. ~PHMeHeHHeM I'paAHeHTHOt EUIIoIJHIl YAaJIOCb PaBAeJIeHEle H a OTgeJIbHbIe KOMIIOHeHTbI, KOTOPbIe HReHTH@HqHPOBaJIHCb CpaBHeHHeM C COOTBeTCTBYIoIIJHMH 8TaJIOHHbIMH BelqeCTBaMEi. The analysis of phenol-formaldehyde resins by high-pressure liquid chromatographyPhenol-formaldehyde resins of resol type were characterized by an improved method of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Using the gradient elution technique it was possible to separate the components, which could be identified by comparison with a series of reference compounds.

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Quantitative Gas Chromatography of Mononuclear Hydroxymethylphenols as Acetate Esters.

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Hydroxymethylation of Phenol Revisited: A Readjusted Mathematical Model

Hydroxymethylation of Phenol Revisited: A Readjusted Mathematical Model

A study of the methylolation of phenol using gel permeation chromatography

Zur Analyse von Phenol‐Formaldehyd‐Harzen mittels Hochdruckflüssigchromatographie

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