Quantitative Genetics of Migration-Related Traits in Rainbow and Steelhead Trout

Hecht, Benjamin C.; Hard, Jeffrey J.; Thrower, Frank P.; Nichols, Krista M.

doi:10.1534/g3.114.016469

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Hecht et al . () found a modal h 2 estimate of 0.61 (0.39–0.77) for life history in the same hatchery lines but using a larger pedigree. They also found significant genetic correlations of life history with growth rate, size at age, condition factor and morphological traits, which themselves showed moderate heritabilities.…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Determinants Of Facultative Migrationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…() found that a combination of MAR genotype and genetic sex predicted 45% of the life‐history variation in O. mykiss , but that resident genotypes could give rise to migrants. MAR genes have been associated with important traits including smoltification, growth rate, developmental rate, survival in seawater and out‐migration of juveniles (Doctor et al ., ; Hale et al ., ; Hecht et al ., ; Pearse et al ., ; Phillis et al ., ). An O. mykiss population (Scott Creek, California; 37° 28′ N, 121° 56′ W), which was translocated in 1910 from below to above a waterfall, was shown to have undergone a 49% reduction in the frequency of the MAR migratory genotype (Pearse et al ., ).…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Determinants Of Facultative Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment

Ferguson

Reed

Cross

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

153

176

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Brown trout Salmo trutta is endemic to Europe, western Asia and north‐western Africa; it is a prominent member of freshwater and coastal marine fish faunas. The species shows two resident (river‐resident, lake‐resident) and three main facultative migratory life histories (downstream–upstream within a river system, fluvial–adfluvial potamodromous; to and from a lake, lacustrine–adfluvial (inlet) or allacustrine (outlet) potamodromous; to and from the sea, anadromous). River‐residency v. migration is a balance between enhanced feeding and thus growth advantages of migration to a particular habitat v. the costs of potentially greater mortality and energy expenditure. Fluvial–adfluvial migration usually has less feeding improvement, but less mortality risk, than lacustrine–adfluvial or allacustrine and anadromous, but the latter vary among catchments as to which is favoured. Indirect evidence suggests that around 50% of the variability in S. trutta migration v. residency, among individuals within a population, is due to genetic variance. This dichotomous decision can best be explained by the threshold‐trait model of quantitative genetics. Thus, an individual's physiological condition (e.g., energy status) as regulated by environmental factors, genes and non‐genetic parental effects, acts as the cue. The magnitude of this cue relative to a genetically predetermined individual threshold, governs whether it will migrate or sexually mature as a river‐resident. This decision threshold occurs early in life and, if the choice is to migrate, a second threshold probably follows determining the age and timing of migration. Migration destination (mainstem river, lake, or sea) also appears to be genetically programmed. Decisions to migrate and ultimate destination result in a number of subsequent consequential changes such as parr–smolt transformation, sexual maturity and return migration. Strong associations with one or a few genes have been found for most aspects of the migratory syndrome and indirect evidence supports genetic involvement in all parts. Thus, migratory and resident life histories potentially evolve as a result of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, which alter relative survival and reproduction. Knowledge of genetic determinants of the various components of migration in S. trutta lags substantially behind that of Oncorhynchus mykiss and other salmonines. Identification of genetic markers linked to migration components and especially to the migration–residency decision, is a prerequisite for facilitating detailed empirical studies. In order to predict effectively, through modelling, the effects of environmental changes, quantification of the relative fitness of different migratory traits and of their heritabilities, across a range of environmental conditions, is also urgently required in the face of the increasing pace of such changes.

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Section: Genetic and Environmental Determinants Of Facultative Migrationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Genetic and Environmental Determinants Of Facultative Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment

Ferguson

Reed

Cross

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

153

176

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“…Previous studies have suggested that heritable variation for migration and seawater adaptation exists within multiple salmonid species (see Carlson and Seamons (2008)) for a review), including variation between anadromous sockeye and resident Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka; Foote, Wood, Clarke, & Blackburn, [1992]). Moreover, genetic correlations for characters related to migration vs. residency in rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) suggest that there is a genetic trade-off between migration and residency (Hecht, Hard, Thrower, & Nichols, 2015). More recently, genomic studies have sought to evaluate molecular divergence between alternative resident and migratory ecotypes within salmonid species in an attempt to characterize the underlying genetic basis for migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic signatures among Oncorhynchus nerka ecotypes to inform conservation and management of endangered Sockeye Salmon

Nichols

Kozfkay

Narum

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Conservation of life history variation is an important consideration for many species with trade‐offs in migratory characteristics. Many salmonid species exhibit both resident and migratory strategies that capitalize on benefits in freshwater and marine environments. In this study, we investigated genomic signatures for migratory life history in collections of resident and anadromous Oncorhynchus nerka (Kokanee and Sockeye Salmon, respectively) from two lake systems, using ~2,600 SNPs from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq). Differing demographic histories were evident in the two systems where one pair was significantly differentiated (Redfish Lake, FST = 0.091 [95% confidence interval: 0.087 to 0.095]) but the other pair was not (Alturas Lake, FST = −0.007 [−0.008 to −0.006]). Outlier and association analyses identified several candidate markers in each population pair, but there was limited evidence for parallel signatures of genomic variation associated with migration. Despite lack of evidence for consistent markers associated with migratory life history in this species, candidate markers were mapped to functional genes and provide evidence for adaptive genetic variation within each lake system. Life history variation has been maintained in these nearly extirpated populations of O. nerka, and conservation efforts to preserve this diversity are important for long‐term resiliency of this species.

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“…In sympatry, freshwater residents may be genetically distinctive, inhabiting headwater streams (Narum et al 2008), or they may interact widely, effectively as a single population (Christie et al 2011;Courter et al 2013). In some instances, resident × resident crosses produce the anadromous life history form (Riva Rossi et al 2007;Christie et al 2011;Hecht et al 2015), but these crosses exhibit an exceedingly low adult return rate (Thrower et al 2004). On the other hand, allopatry presents a simpler relationship.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss Prior to Dam Removal with Implications for Recolonization of the Elwha River Watershed, Washington

Winans

Baker²,

McHenry³

et al. 2016

Trans Am Fish Soc

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For more than 100 years, two dams blocked upstream migration of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) on the Elwha River, Washington. Prior to the removal of both dams (completed in 2015), 30 spatiotemporal collections of resident Rainbow Trout, steelhead, hatchery steelhead, and hatchery-derived Rainbow Trout (1,949 individuals) were made from 17 sites in the river, and the pattern of genetic diversity and connectivity were evaluated using 13 microsatellite loci. Wild-origin steelhead spawned below the downstream dam and were genetically distinguishable from upriver (above dam) resident Rainbow Trout (F ST = 0.034), and the resident Rainbow Trout segregated into two distinct groups (F ST = 0.056). Nonnative-origin hatchery steelhead varied from the indigenous steelhead (F ST = 0.029), and the hatchery trout differed from the resident trout (F ST = 0.163). Collections of resident Rainbow Trout from the upper portion of the basin were distinguished by lower estimates of genetic variability (H e , A R , and A/L) and effective population size compared with resident Rainbow Trout in the middle reaches of the Elwha River. The break between the two trout groups coincided with Rica Canyon, 8 river kilometers upstream from the Glines Canyon Dam (the upstream dam), suggesting that the upper and middle trout groups represent historic O. mykiss groups separated by flow conditions in the canyon prior to dam construction. Anticipating the potential for genetic exchange between steelhead and resident Rainbow Trout following dam removal, we evaluated the ability of the microsatellite baseline to distinguish F 1 crosses between the life history groups with computer simulations. These results demonstrate how a genetic baseline can be used as a conservation management tool to measure potential genetic introgression among resident populations and recolonizing anadromous populations.

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Quantitative Genetics of Migration-Related Traits in Rainbow and Steelhead Trout

Cited by 35 publications

References 73 publications

Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment

Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment

Genomic signatures among Oncorhynchus nerka ecotypes to inform conservation and management of endangered Sockeye Salmon

Genetic Characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss Prior to Dam Removal with Implications for Recolonization of the Elwha River Watershed, Washington

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