Quantitative HPLC determination of cynaropicrin in Centaurea Scabiosa dry extract

Abstract

An HPLC method for quantitative determination of cynaropicrin in Centaurea scabiosa L. dry extract obtained using 40% aqueous ethanol has been developed and its performance has been validated. The proposed method is specific; ensures high accuracy, reproducibility, and linearity in an analytical range of ±30%; and can be used for reliable quality control of C. scabiosa L. dry extract and related preparations.

Cynaropicrin: A Comprehensive Research Review and Therapeutic Potential As an Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Agent

“…(Milošević Ifantis et al, 2013), the endemic Turkish plant Centaurea hermannii (Öksüz et al, 1994), the flowers of the endemic Turkish plant Centaurea helenioides Boiss. (Yayli et al, 2006), Centaurea scabiosa L. (Kaminskii et al, 2011), Centaurea phaeopappoides and C. thracica (Nowak et al, 1989), Centaurea americana (Ohno et al, 1973), Centaurea ragusina L. subspecies ragusina growing in Egypt (Mahmoud et al, 1986), Centaurea canariensis (Gonzalez et al, 1978), Centaurea repens (Stevens, 1982), Centaurea kotschyi (Oksuz and Putun, 1983), Centaurea arguta (Gadeschi et al, 1989); the roots of the Chinese plant Vladimiria denticulate (Jinyun et al, 2002), the aerial parts of Leuzea rhapontica helenifolia (Nowak et al, 1988), Leuzea carthamoides DC (Sovová et al, 2008), Acroptilon repens (Zhao et al, 2006), Cheirolophus species (Marco et al, 1994), from three species of Cheirolophus endemic to the Canary Islands (Gonzalez et al, 1993), some species of subtribe Centaureinae Dumort (Nowak et al, 1986), Volutaria abyssinica (Marzouk, 2015), the aerial parts of three species of the genus Cousinia (Marco et al, 1993), the aerial parts of Cousinia adenostica (Rustaiyan et al, 1987), Aegopordon berarioides (Izaddoost et al, 1985), Grossheimia macrocephala (Barbetti et al, 1985), Amberboa divericata (Rojatkar et al, 1997), Amberboa ramose (Harrison and Kulshreshtha, 1984), Amberboa tubuliflora (Ahmed et al, 1990), Volutarella divaricata (Forgacs et al, 1981), from Chartolepis intermedia, C. glastifolia, C. biebersteinii , and C. pterocaula, Vernonia glutinosa (Rakotoarimanga et al, 1992), Brachylaena species (Zdero et al, 1991), and Artemisia xerophytica (Tan et al, 1991). …”

Extraction and recovery processes for cynaropicrin from Cynara cardunculus L. using aqueous solutions of surface-active ionic liquids

“…Currently, cynaropicrin is mainly extracted from different types of biomass using volatile and often toxic organic solvents, such as chloroform (Bhattacharyya et al 1995) and dichloromethane (Ramos et al 2013), leading to several human risks and safety issues and to a poor environmental performance. Other methods used include the extraction of cynaropicrin with water at elevated temperatures (Bernhard 1982), and with supercritical CO 2 (Sovová et al 2008), or related mixtures making use of co-solvents (Kaminskii et al 2011), to improve the extraction yields. These methods have some disadvantages since they require several hours of extraction, are energyconsuming, may require the use of more sophisticated equipment and result in low cynaropicrin yields (Bernhard 1982;Bhattacharyya et al 1995;Kaminskii et al 2011;Sovová et al 2008).…”

“…Other methods used include the extraction of cynaropicrin with water at elevated temperatures (Bernhard 1982), and with supercritical CO 2 (Sovová et al 2008), or related mixtures making use of co-solvents (Kaminskii et al 2011), to improve the extraction yields. These methods have some disadvantages since they require several hours of extraction, are energyconsuming, may require the use of more sophisticated equipment and result in low cynaropicrin yields (Bernhard 1982;Bhattacharyya et al 1995;Kaminskii et al 2011;Sovová et al 2008). Therefore, in the past decade, much interest has been devoted to the development of more costefficient and sustainable solvents and methods for the extraction of value-added compounds from biomass, which, apart from supercritical CO 2 , comprises mainly ionic liquids (ILs) and, more recently, deep eutectic solvents (DES) and their natural counterparts (NADES) (Paiva et al 2014;Passos et al 2014;da Ponte 2017).…”