Quantitative importance of staminodes for female reproductive success in<i>Parnassia palustris</i>under contrasting environmental conditions

Sandvik, Sylvi M.; Totland, Ørjan

doi:10.1139/b03-006

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It occurs in various open and moist habitats including peatlands, streamsides, and shaded places in valleys [22], [23]. This study was conducted in a large peatland (42°13′ N, 126°31′ E, elevation 900 m a.s.l.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There ‘Anther-Anther Interference’ within a Flower? Evidences from One-by-One Stamen Movement in an Insect-Pollinated Plant

MingXun

2014

PLoS ONE

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The selective pressure imposed by maximizing male fitness (pollen dispersal) in shaping floral structures is increasingly recognized and emphasized in current plant sciences. To maximize male fitness, many flowers bear a group of stamens with temporally separated anther dehiscence that prolongs presentation of pollen grains. Such an advantage, however, may come with a cost resulting from interference of pollen removal by the dehisced anthers. This interference between dehisced and dehiscing anthers has received little attention and few experimental tests to date. Here, using one-by-one stamen movement in the generalist-pollinated Parnassia palustris, we test this hypothesis by manipulation experiments in two years. Under natural conditions, the five fertile stamens in P. palustris flowers elongate their filaments individually, and anthers dehisce successively one-by-one. More importantly, the anther-dehisced stamen bends out of the floral center by filament deflexion before the next stamen's anther dehiscence. Experimental manipulations show that flowers with dehisced anther remaining at the floral center experience shorter (1/3–1/2 less) visit durations by pollen-collecting insects (mainly hoverflies and wasps) because these ‘hungry’ insects are discouraged by the scant and non-fresh pollen in the dehisced anther. Furthermore, the dehisced anther blocks the dehiscing anther's access to floral visitors, resulting in a nearly one third decrease in their contact frequency. As a result, pollen removal of the dehiscing anther decreases dramatically. These results provide the first direct experimental evidence that anther-anther interference is possible in a flower, and that the selection to reduce such interferences can be a strong force in floral evolution. We also propose that some other floral traits, usually interpreted as pollen dispensing mechanisms, may function, at least partially, as mechanisms to promote pollen dispersal by reducing interferences between dehisced and dehiscing anthers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There ‘Anther-Anther Interference’ within a Flower? Evidences from One-by-One Stamen Movement in an Insect-Pollinated Plant

MingXun

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…A honey‐like scent and nectar are produced at their base (Proctor and Yeo 1973). The staminodes of P. palustris increase both the rate and duration of pollinator visits of the flowers (Sandvik and Totland 2003). The numerous seeds are small, light and mainly dispersed by wind and water (Hultgård 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term costs related to male and female structures in alpine Parnassia palustris

Sandvik¹,

Eide²

2010

Nordic Journal of Botany

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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential costs related to male and female structures in a small, hermaphroditic alpine plant species, Parnassia palustris L. We studied in the field the effect of experimental manipulation of seed set (female structures) as well as anthers and staminodes (male structures) on next year's survival, flowering, seed set and growth. We found no statistically significant differences between the treatments in survival, number of flowers and fruits, fruit/flower ratio, seed number or mean mass per seed the following year. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in growth response between the treatments. These observations indicate both that the manipulations of the flowers the previous year had no effect on growth and that the competition between growth and sexual reproduction was negligible. Our results may reflect small investments in reproduction, abundance of soil resources and/or that all resources saved by the plant one year are not necessarily invested in reproduction or growth next year.

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“…The flower has five white petals, five stamens with pollen-rich anthers, and a whorl of sterile stamens (Heß 1983), called staminodes, which produce nectar at the basal parts (Proctor and Yeo 1973). The species is usually cross-pollinated by various insects (Kullenberg 1953;Proctor and Yeo 1973), but may rarely be autogamous (Drude 1875;Eichler 1875;Eichinger 1908;Martens 1936;Cunnell 1959;Sandvik and Totland 2003). The seeds are small, light, numerous, and mainly dispersed by wind and water (Hultgård 1987).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Sandvik

Eide

2009

Plant Ecol

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Life-history theories predict competition and compromises between different reproductive and somatic (e.g., growth) functions in plants. This study concerns the costs of reproduction in an alpine herb, Parnassia palustris L., in light of global warming. The field experiments involved manipulations of temperature regime using open top chambers, and manipulations of the current level of reproductive investment by supplemental hand-pollination (SP) and bud removal (BR). The study continued for 2 years and costs of reproduction were evaluated in the second year by comparing reproductive outputs and growth between treatment groups. Flower manipulations carried out the first year had no statistically significant effect on reproductive or somatic variables in the second year, which suggests that reproductive costs in P. palustris are limited. Increased temperature, however, had a positive effect on a range of reproductive traits such as seed number, seed mass per fruit, mass per seed, and ratios between reproductive outputs and growth, but had no statistically significant influence on growth. No statistically significant interaction effects between flower manipulation and warming were revealed, which implies that the effects of flower manipulation in the first year does not differ statistically significantly between the two temperature regimes in the next year. We conclude that the lack of reproductive costs found in P. palustris at Finse expresses that resources are not restricted under a level that will induce high costs of reproduction. Furthermore, higher temperatures do not affect the costs, and finally, it appears that the reproductive costs are finetune controlled, which implies optimizing rather than maximizing of reproductive and somatic outputs.

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Quantitative importance of staminodes for female reproductive success inParnassia palustrisunder contrasting environmental conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Is There ‘Anther-Anther Interference’ within a Flower? Evidences from One-by-One Stamen Movement in an Insect-Pollinated Plant

Is There ‘Anther-Anther Interference’ within a Flower? Evidences from One-by-One Stamen Movement in an Insect-Pollinated Plant

Short‐term costs related to male and female structures in alpine Parnassia palustris

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

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