Quantitative investigation of antigen and immune response in nervous and lymphoid tissues of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) challenged with nodavirus

Grove, Søren; Johansen, Renate; Reitan, Liv Jorun; Press, Charles McL.; Dannevig, Birgit H.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.03.001

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, NNV has also been detected in blood samples of Senegalese sole, Atlantic cod and seven-band grouper [179][180][181], suggesting that the virus can also use the hematogenous route to spread throughout the fish body. Viral presence in non-neurological tissues (gills, fins, heart, anterior and posterior intestine, stomach, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads) [158,180,[182][183][184][185][186] would support hematogenous spread. However, as all these organs are fully innervated, neural spread cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Routes Of Infection and Spread Through The Fish Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review

2020

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The outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), represent one of the main infectious threats for marine aquaculture worldwide. Since the first description of the disease at the end of the 1980s, a considerable amount of research has gone into understanding the mechanisms involved in fish infection, developing reliable diagnostic methods, and control measures, and several comprehensive reviews have been published to date. This review focuses on host-virus interaction and epidemiological aspects, comprising viral distribution and transmission as well as the continuously increasing host range (177 susceptible marine species and epizootic outbreaks reported in 62 of them), with special emphasis on genotypes and the effect of global warming on NNV infection, but also including the latest findings in the NNV life cycle and virulence as well as diagnostic methods and VER disease control.

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Section: Routes Of Infection and Spread Through The Fish Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review

2020

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“…On the other hand, i.m. injection of nodavirus in halibut did not change the relative numbers or the distribution of gut IgM + cells (Grove et al, 2006b). There is no doubt that antiviral oral vaccines are still at their infancy and more efforts should be devoted to analysing the type of systemic and mucosal responses they may elicit.…”

Section: Mucosal Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This IgM + B cell distribution and numbers did not differ in control and nodavirus (i.m.) immunised halibut (Grove et al, 2006b). …”

Section: Mucosal Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish

Salinas

Zhang

Sunyer

2011

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

521

350

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As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and stressors. In mammals, the sites where antigens are sampled from mucosal surfaces and where stimulation of naive T and B lymphocytes occurs are known as inductive sites and are constituted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). According to anatomical location, the MALT in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). All MALT contain a variety of leukocytes, including, but not limited to, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Secretory immunoglobulins are produced mainly by plasmablasts and plasma cells, and play key roles in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, teleost fish B cells were thought to express only two classes of immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD, in which IgM was thought to be the only one responding to pathogens both in systemic and mucosal compartments. However, a third teleost immunoglobulin class, IgT/IgZ, was discovered in 2005, and it has recently been shown to behave as the prevalent immunoglobulin in gut mucosal immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of fish MALT. Moreover, we attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on both basic and applied research findings on fish mucosal immune responses, with the goal to provide new directions that may facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies that stimulate not only systemic, but also mucosal immunity.

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“…Similar local antibody production has been demonstrated in previous studies of virus‐infected peripheral tissues in Atlantic halibut (Grove et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of myocardial lesions associated with cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using laser capture microdissection

Wiik‐Nielsen

Løvoll

Fritsvold

et al. 2012

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is characterized by focal infiltration in the spongy myocardium and endocardium of the heart. The origin of the mononuclear infiltrate is unknown. Using experimentally infected fish, we investigated localization of the causative agent, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), within the heart and characterized the cell population associated with myocardial lesions. Cellular and transcriptional characteristics in the lesions were compared with adjacent non-infiltrated tissues using laser capture microdissection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Our results reveal that PMCV is almost exclusively present in myocardial lesions. The inflammatory infiltrate comprises a variety of leucocyte populations, including T cells, B cells, MHC class II(+) and CD83(+) cells, most likely of the macrophage line. Correlation analyses demonstrated co-ordinated leucocyte activity at the site of the virus infection. Cellular proliferation and/or DNA repair was demonstrated within the myocardial lesions. Different cell populations, mainly myocytes, stained positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Densities of endothelial cells and fibroblasts were not significantly increased. The simultaneous presence of PMCV and various inflammatory cells in all myocardial lesions analysed may indicate that both viral lytic and immunopathological effects may contribute to the pathogenesis of CMS.

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Quantitative investigation of antigen and immune response in nervous and lymphoid tissues of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) challenged with nodavirus

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review

Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review

Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish

Characterization of myocardial lesions associated with cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using laser capture microdissection

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