Quantitative Mass Flows of Selected Xenobiotics in Urban Waters and Waste Water Treatment Plants

Bester, Kai; McArdell, Christa S.; Wahlberg, Cajsa; Bucheli, Thomas D.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3509-7_1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Additionally, the ecotoxicological relevance of the presence of these compounds in drainage waters will be briefly evaluated. Finally, in a companion publication, the exposure of river water by mycotoxins is presented in detail, and the relative contribution of diffuse (i.e., Fusarium infected wheat crop , ), and point sources (i.e., wastewater treatment plants , ) is assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in the Environment: I. Production and Emission from an Agricultural Test Field

Schenzel

Forrer

Vogelgsang

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are naturally produced by fungi which infest and contaminate agricultural crops and commodities (e.g., small grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, and organic soil material). Although these compounds have extensively been studied in food and feed, only little is known about their environmental fate. Therefore, we investigated over nearly two years the occurrence of various mycotoxins in a field cropped with winter wheat of the variety Levis, which was artificially inoculated with Fusarium spp., as well as their emission via drainage water. Mycotoxins were regularly quantified in whole wheat plants (0.1-133 mg/kg(dry weight), for deoxynivalenol), and drainage water samples (0.8 ng/L to 1.14 μg/L, for deoxynivalenol). From the mycotoxins quantified in wheat (3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenone-X, nivalenol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, beauvericin, and zearalenone), only the more hydrophilic ones or those prevailing at high concentrations were detected in drainage water. Of the total amounts produced in wheat plants (min: 2.3; max: 292 g/ha/y), 0.5-354 mg/ha/y, i.e. 0.002-0.12%, were emitted via drainage water. Hence, these compounds add to the complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic micropollutants particularly in small rural water bodies, receiving mainly runoff from agricultural areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in the Environment: I. Production and Emission from an Agricultural Test Field

Schenzel

Forrer

Vogelgsang

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…L.] (Sivesind and Seguin, 2005; Morrison et al, 2008), some fraction of which may be released from agricultural crops and fields into the environment (Erbs et al, 2007; Hoerger et al, 2009). Additional pathways to the environment for phytoestrogens can be from human and animal excretion after plant consumption (Burnison et al, 2003; Heinonen et al, 2004; Ferrer et al, 2009; Kang and Price, 2009; Bester et al, 2010). Deleterious effects have been observed to wild and domestic animals consuming forage containing phytoestrogens (Leopold et al, 1975; Adams, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens and Mycotoxins in Iowa Streams: An Examination of Underinvestigated Compounds in Agricultural Basins

et al. 2010

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Th is study provides the fi rst broad-scale investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in streams in the United States. Fifteen stream sites across Iowa were sampled fi ve times throughout the 2008 growing season to capture a range of climatic and crop-growth conditions. Basin size upstream from sampling sites ranged from 7 km 2 to >836,000 km 2 . Atrazine (herbicide) also was measured in all samples as a frame-ofreference agriculturally derived contaminant. Target compounds were frequently detected in stream samples: atrazine (100%), formononetin (80%), equol (45%), deoxynivalenol (43%), daidzein (32%), biochanin A (23%), zearalenone (13%), and genistein (11%). Th e nearly ubiquitous detection of formononetin (isofl avone) suggests a widespread agricultural source, as one would expect with the intense row crop and livestock production present across Iowa. Conversely, the less spatially widespread detections of deoxynivalenol (mycotoxin) suggest a more variable source due to the required combination of proper host and proper temperature and moisture conditions necessary to promote Fusarium spp. infections. Although atrazine concentrations commonly exceeded 100 ng L −1 (42/75 measurements), only deoxynivalenol (6/56 measurements) had concentrations that occasionally exceeded this level. Temporal patterns in concentrations varied substantially between atrazine, formononetin, and deoxynivalenol, as one would expect for contaminants with diff erent source inputs and processes of formation and degradation. Th e greatest phytoestrogen and mycotoxin concentrations were observed during spring snowmelt conditions. Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins were detected at all sampling sites regardless of basin size. Th e ecotoxicological eff ects from long-term, low-level exposures to phytoestrogens and mycotoxins or complex chemicals mixtures including these compounds that commonly take place in surface water are poorly understood and have yet to be systematically investigated in environmental studies.

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“…It is also used in foods and medicine, mainly in Asia, and is a known contaminant in milk produced by cows, sheep, and goats browsing on bracken [38]. There is ample As a consequence of their regular consumption via food and healthcare products, they are excreted and emitted via WWTP to the aqueous environment [27,28]. An alternative, and potentially even more important, source of isoflavones to the environment are agricultural areas cultivated with forage and grain legumes, as such plants can produce up to 220 kg of isoflavones per hectare and year [29].…”

Section: Ptaquilosidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, many of them they are regulated by authorities with maximum levels (e.g., [66]), indicative levels (e.g., [67]), guidance values (e.g., [68]), or tolerable daily intake levels (e.g., [69]), and are regularly monitored in food and feed products. Traces of these compounds are excreted after consumption, and can enter surface water after only a partial elimination in WWTP [27,70,71]. Conversely, field-produced mycotoxins are directly emitted into surface waters via runoff and drainage from Fusarium-infected agricultural fields [72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Care Products Are Only One of Many Exposure Routes of Natural Toxic Substances to Humans and the Environment

2018

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Abstract:The special issue "A Critical View on Natural Substances in Personal Care Products" is dedicated to addressing the multidisciplinary special challenges of natural ingredients in personal care products (PCP) and addresses also environmental exposure. In this perspective article, we argue that environmental exposure is probably not so much dominated by PCP use, but in many cases by direct emission from natural or anthropogenically managed vegetation, including agriculture. In support of this hypothesis, we provide examples of environmental fate and behaviour studies for compound classes that are either listed in the International Nomenclature of Cosmetics Ingredients (INCI) or have been discussed in a wider context of PCP applications and have been classified as potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Specifically, these include estrogenic isoflavones, the carcinogenic ptaquiloside and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, saponins, terpenes and terpenoids, such as artemisinin, and mycotoxins. Research gaps and challenges in the domains of human and environmental exposure assessment of natural products common to our currently rather separated research communities are highlighted.

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Quantitative Mass Flows of Selected Xenobiotics in Urban Waters and Waste Water Treatment Plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Mycotoxins in the Environment: I. Production and Emission from an Agricultural Test Field

Mycotoxins in the Environment: I. Production and Emission from an Agricultural Test Field

Phytoestrogens and Mycotoxins in Iowa Streams: An Examination of Underinvestigated Compounds in Agricultural Basins

Personal Care Products Are Only One of Many Exposure Routes of Natural Toxic Substances to Humans and the Environment

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