Quantitative measurement of combustion gases in harsh environments using NDIR spectroscopy

Niklas, Christian; Bauke, Stephan; Müller, Fabian; Golibrzuch, Kai; Wackerbarth, Hainer; Ctistis, Georgios

doi:10.5194/jsss-8-123-2019

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Infrared absorption spectroscopy [27] can characterize the structure of the target gas molecule and to analysis the molecular vibrations between atoms of the gas molecule and the rotation of the gas molecules quantitatively.…”

Section: Infrared Gas Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Hao

Jiang

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Nanotechnol.

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Most greenhouse gases come from biological activities and industry which will lead to global warming and show an impact on human life. With the need of green transformation of the global economic structure and seeking for higher quality of human life, the detection and management of greenhouse gases, as well as most hazardous gases in the environment, are increasingly demanding. Applications in different fields require sensors that can detect gas volume fractions with magnitudes from 10-9 to 10-4. Greenhouse gas detection plays an important role both in the agriculture and industry field. In this review, we first summarize the mechanism of several common gas detectors used currently. Then, the advantages of nanostructured gas sensors are discussed. Finally, the applications of infrared gas sensors based on nanophotonic devices are described in detail. This review has been an outlook on the future development of infrared gas sensors based on nanophotonic devices.INDEX TERMS Environment and climate, greenhouse gas, nanostructures, photonic device.

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Section: Infrared Gas Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Hao

Jiang

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Nanotechnol.

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“…In addition to the aforementioned difficulties, typical time-resolution of conventional sensors is commonly on the order of seconds and cannot resolve the Hz-to kHz-scale processes of interest in combustion systems that can affect performance. Recently, some NDIR sensors have been developed for kHz-rate measurements of gas properties in IC engines [10,11]. However, these systems still require calibration to be quantitative and are limited in their target species due to interference associated with poor spectral resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Schwarm

Minesi

Jeevaretanam

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

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A high-speed in-situ laser absorption sensor has been developed for cycle-resolved emissions analysis in the exhaust manifold of production-scale internal combustion engines. An inline sensor module, using optical fiber-coupling of interband and quantum cascade lasers, targets the fundamental rovibrational absorption lines of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide near 5 μm in wavelength. The sensor module was integrated into a commercial EPA-certified natural gas spark-ignition generator operated at 3,300 rpm for measurements of exhaust pulse temperature, CO, and NO concentrations at a rate of 10 kHz. Novel high-temperature optomechanical design enabled in-stream sensor coupling near the exhaust valve with local gas temperatures up to ∼1200 K and valve to sensor gas transit times on the order of milliseconds. Measurement results reveal high degrees of intra-cycle and cycle-to-cycle variations which are otherwise undetectable with standard emission gas analyzers. Sensor response to variations in fuel composition was evaluated by introduction of 1–10% NH3 or H2 into the natural gas fuel system. The effects of fuel blending on exhaust emissions of CO and NO were well-distinguished even at 1% volume fraction, and the sensor captured both intra-cycle and cycle-averaged emissions differences between the three fuel types. Measured concentrations of CO and NO ranged from 0.1–2.8% and 30–3500 ppm with detection limits of 0.07% and 26 ppm, respectively. The exhaust sensor presented here has potential for integration with real-time control systems to enable adaptive optimization of polyfuel internal combustion engines to meet the need for flexible, low-carbon, on-demand energy conversion.

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“…Various types of material have been employed for gas chamber fabrication in the NDIR systems (Hodgkinson et al, 2013;Niklas et al, 2019;Vincent and Gardner, 2016). Although some of them were useful for this purpose, most of them suffered from several problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we can still observe imperfections in the sensor because of its large size and lack of metal deposition, optical window and constant flow rate. Niklas et al (2019) detected CO and CO 2 gases using NDIR technique. They used mirrors as reflectors which increases the complexity and loss of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low cost and miniaturized NDIR system for CO₂ detection applications

Akram

Nikfarjam

Hajghassem

et al. 2020

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Purpose The importance of Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection as a greenhouse and exhale breathe gas is an undeniable issue. This study aims to propose a new miniaturized, low cost and portable no dispersive infrared (NDIR) system for detecting CO2 gas. Design/methodology/approach Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based channels with Au coating because of its high reflection properties in IR region were used in this work. The optical windows were fabricated using PDMS polymer which is cost effective and novel in comparison to other conventional methods. The effects of channel dimensions, lengths and entrance angle of light on optical path length and losses were analyzed with four types of channel using both simulation and experimental tests. Findings The simulation results indicate that the 0 degree light entrance angle is the most efficient angle among different investigated conditions. The experimental data are in agreement with the simulation results regarding the loss and optical path length in different types of channel. The experimental tests were performed for the 0.5% up to 20% of CO2 concentration under constant temperature and humidity condition. The results show that the device with 5 and 2 cm channels length were saturated in 4% and 8% concentration of CO2 gas, respectively. Response and recovery times were depending on gas concentration and channels specifications that in average found to be 10 S and 14 S, respectively, for the largest size channel. Moreover, the environment humidity effect on detection system performance was investigated which had no considerable influence. Also, the saturation fraction absorbance value for devices with various dimensions were 0.62 and 0.8, respectively. Practical implications According to the performed curve fitting for practical situation and selected CO2 concentration range for experimental tests, the device is useful for medical and environmental applications. Originality/value PMMA with Au deposition layer was used as a basic material for this NDIR system. Besides, a novel PDMS optical window helps to have a low cost device. The effects of channel dimensions, lengths and entrance angle of light on optical path length and losses were analyzed using both simulation and experimental tests. Using narrowband optical filter (100 nm bandwidth) helps to have a system with good CO2 selectivity. In addition, experimental tests with different channel dimensions and lengths covered a considerable range of CO2 concentration useful for medical and environmental applications. Finally, curve fitting was adopted for a modified Beer–Lambert law as a practical situation.

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Quantitative measurement of combustion gases in harsh environments using NDIR spectroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Low cost and miniaturized NDIR system for CO₂ detection applications

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Quantitative measurement of combustion gases in harsh environments using NDIR spectroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Low cost and miniaturized NDIR system for CO2 detection applications

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Low cost and miniaturized NDIR system for CO₂ detection applications