Quantitative measurement of cyanide released from Prussian Blue

Yang, Yongsheng; Brownell, Charles; Sadrieh, Nakissa; May, Joan C.; Grosso, A. Del; Place, David A.; Leutzinger, Eldon; Duffy, Eric; He, Ruyi; Houn, Florence; Lyon, Robbie; Faustino, Patrick J.

doi:10.1080/15563650601181562

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with the fact that the single crystals of PB were first obtained from a 12 M HCl solution. Our results of acid stability studies are also in line with the findings made by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the release of cyanide from PB prior to the approval of bulk PB as the oral antidote for the internal contamination of radioisotopes of cesium and thallium [35]. The quantitative measurements in that study showed that the highest cyanide release at pH 1 is 135 lg/g which corresponds to a total release of 1.6 mg cyanide for the highest daily dose of 17.5 g for a 70 kg adult.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Biocompatible Prussian blue nanoparticles: Preparation, stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use as an MRI contrast agent

Shokouhimehr

Soehnlen

Khitrin

et al. 2010

Inorganic Chemistry Communications

138

118

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Biocompatible Prussian blue nanoparticles: Preparation, stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use as an MRI contrast agent

Shokouhimehr

Soehnlen

Khitrin

et al. 2010

Inorganic Chemistry Communications

138

118

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“…The physical adsorption and ion trapping process may be affected as well, but possibly to a lesser extent. We have found cyanide release from PB was also pH dependent: the lower pH, the higher cyanide release (Yang et al, 2007b). Similar results were reported by other authors (Verzijl et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Quantitative determination of thallium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue☆

Yang

Faustino

Progar

et al. 2008

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Ferric hexacyanoferrate, (Fe 4 III [Fe II (CN) 6 ] 3 ), also known as insoluble Prussian blue (PB), is the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Radiogardase which is the first approved drug product (DP) for treatment of thallium and radiocesium poisoning. The aim of this study is (1) to determine the in vitro thallium binding capacity and binding rates of insoluble PB; and (2) to evaluate the effect of physiological pH conditions, PB particle size and storage conditions on the binding to PB. Experimental pH levels from 1.0 to 7.5 were used to cover the range of pH levels that PB may encounter when traveling through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in humans. Measurements of thallium binding were made between 1 and 24 h, to cover gastric and intestinal tract residence time. PB was found to have a binding capacity of approximately 1400 mg/g at pH 7.5. When the pH decreased, the binding decreased as well. The results indicated that the hydration state of PB influences the thallium binding process. It was also found that there exits a direct correlation between the moisture loss in PB and the thallium binding rate constant. The PB with 17 mol of water had a binding rate constant of 0.52, which was reduced to 0.32 when PB was dehydrated to 2.5 mol of water. Significant differences were observed in both binding capacity and binding rate constant among PB fractions with different particle size ranges. PB fraction with particle size of 220-1000 m had a binding rate constant of 0.43, which increased to 0.64 when the particle size was reduced to 32-90 m. Batch-to-batch variation in thallium binding was also observed among the APIs and the DPs and this was related to particle size and hydration state. These findings can be utilized to evaluate and predict drug product quality under certain manufacturing and dry storage conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…Prussian Blue analogues are known to be more stable at acidic pH than in neutral and basic pH, as ligand exchange between the CN À ligands and OH À ions results in the dissolution and destruction of the Prussian Blue structure 29 . This trace solubility is the dominant loss mechanism during their operation in both battery electrodes and electrochromic devices, thereby acidic pH has been found to extend the lifetimes of these devices 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage

et al. 2014

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New types of energy storage are needed in conjunction with the deployment of renewable energy sources and their integration with the electrical grid. We have recently introduced a family of cathodes involving the reversible insertion of cations into materials with the Prussian Blue open-framework crystal structure. Here we report a newly developed manganese hexacyanomanganate open-framework anode that has the same crystal structure. By combining it with the previously reported copper hexacyanoferrate cathode we demonstrate a safe, fast, inexpensive, long-cycle life aqueous electrolyte battery, which involves the insertion of sodium ions. This high rate, high efficiency cell shows a 96.7% round trip energy efficiency when cycled at a 5C rate and an 84.2% energy efficiency at a 50C rate. There is no measurable capacity loss after 1,000 deep-discharge cycles. Bulk quantities of the electrode materials can be produced by a room temperature chemical synthesis from earth-abundant precursors.

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Quantitative measurement of cyanide released from Prussian Blue

Abstract: PB had the highest cyanide release at pH 1 (135 ug/g) and lowest release at pH 5.0-7.0 from the highest daily dose of PB (17.5 g) (21 ug/g). Considering the minimal lethal dose of cyanide is approximately 50 mg, the maximal cyanide released (1.6 mg) does not present a safety concern.

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Biocompatible Prussian blue nanoparticles: Preparation, stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use as an MRI contrast agent

Biocompatible Prussian blue nanoparticles: Preparation, stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use as an MRI contrast agent

Quantitative determination of thallium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue☆

Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage

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