Quantitative microbial risk assessment of occupational and public risks associated with bioaerosols generated during the application of dairy cattle wastewater as biofertilizer

Nascimento, Andressa de Matos; Paula, Vanessa Romário de; Dias, Edgard Henrique Oliveira; Carneiro, Jailton da Costa; Otênio, Marcelo Henrique

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140711

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Indeed, it has been shown previously that a fraction of inhaled microorganisms is ingested as large particles (> 5 microns) are deposited in the upper respiratory tract and then swallowed. 17,18 Based on available quantitative microbial risk assessment models, 19 this fraction is considered to lie between 10%-80%. 19,20 Applying this range of ingested microorganisms to the mean airborne concentration of bacteria found in the same Swiss pig farms in a previous study (3.6 x 10 9 cfu/m 3 ), 21 we estimated that a worker with a normal breathing rate ingested between 6.9 × 10 5 cfu and 5.5 × 10 6 cfu during 4 hours of work in a pig barn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities

et al. 2021

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It has been hypothesized that both genetics and diet influence the composition of the human cecal microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether and how occupational exposure to microbes impacts the microbial communities in human guts. Using a One Health approach, we visited pig farms (n = 26) and collected stool specimens from pig workers (n = 59), pig barn air samples (n = 19), and rectal swabs from pigs at three different growth stages (n = 144). Stool samples from cattle workers were included as a control group (n = 22). Each sample's microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the DADA2 pipeline.We obtained a significantly different clustering of the microbial compositions of pig and cattle workers by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA; P < .001). Workers primarily exposed to pigs had higher relative abundances of Prevotellaceae and less Bacteroidaceae than workers exposed to cattle. We also found that the microbial compositions of pig workers' stool samples shared extensive fractions with the samples from their pigs. We also identified amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) in the airborne microbiota which were likely involved in zoonotic transmission events.We hypothesize that ASVs originating from pig feces are aerosolized and, through breathing, get trapped in the pig farm workers' upper respiratory tract from where they can get swallowed. Consequently, some of the animal associated ASVs are transferred into the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) which leads to changes in the composition of the human gut microbiota. The importance of this finding for human health must be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the higher Pinf and Pinf.A for NoV compared to those for RoV are attributed to higher dose harmonization for NoV [ 23 ]. Until now, some few studies have mainly focused on QMRA of bioaerosols in air, mostly on estimated probability of infection and illness due to exposure to pathogenic viruses in air of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 23 , 31 ]. For instance, Cheng Yan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure to RoV and NoV through fecal-oral route are the most common cause of childhood gastroenteritis [ 8 , 15 ]. However, the pathogenic viruses can be spread out from water resources following mechanical activities and wind erosion in bioaerosol form [ 16 , 17 ]. The airborne particles containing both living and non-living components such as bacteria and viruses can be easily transferred and inhaled by the human which activate surroundings [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the risk for human health following exposure to pathogenic viruses emitted from water resources is dependent on type of reclaimed water, the area of water environment, the load of viruses, the mechanical equipment, and immunity levels of human bodies [ 17 , 20 ]. A numerous research have concentrated on bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), land application and wastewater irrigation of wastewater for agricultural crops [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. For instance, Pasalari and et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring and screening the enteric viruses including RoV and NoV emitted from the water spray park can aid to minimize the human health risk [ 6 ]. In addition, the health effects associated with exposure to bioaerosls are highly dependent on (1) the concentration of enteric viruses, (2) meteorological parameters, (3) the inactivation rate of viruses in atmosphere, and (4) inhalation rate of exposed people [ 16 , 25 ]. Microbial source tracking (MST) compiled with quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) make desired for understanding the proportion of gastrointestinal infections and diseases occurring in the community level which never refer to medical places and considered in medical records [ 17 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) pose a considerable health risk worldwide. In recent years, many cases of virus infection caused by virus‐contaminated strawberries have occurred worldwide. This study applied a critical control point system to analyze the main hazards during the production and marketing of strawberries imported into China and explore the key control points in the whole process. To further evaluate the risks in the supply chain, the established quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to determine the probability that residents would be infected with viruses after consuming imported strawberries. It was found that the risk of virus contamination from imported strawberries was low, and the virus contamination mainly results from water resources and personnel. This research helps the regulatory authorities formulate strategies to ensure the long‐term microbial safety of imported strawberries. In addition, the methods may prove useful in evaluating the risks of other agricultural produce.

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Quantitative microbial risk assessment of occupational and public risks associated with bioaerosols generated during the application of dairy cattle wastewater as biofertilizer

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities

Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities

Assessment of rotavirus and norovirus emitted from water spray park: QMRA, diseases burden and sensitivity analysis

Risk assessment of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in strawberries imported into China

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