Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

Torok, V. A.; Dyson, C. B.; McKay, Alan; Ophel-Keller, K.

doi:10.1071/an12272

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, the intestinal microbiota communities, determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments, showed less than 30% similarity between male and females ( Lumpkins et al, 2008 ). Another study, where female and male broilers (age 22 and 42 days) were compared using quantitative PCR (qPCR), showed differences in abundance of Lactobacillus salivarius , L. crispatus , L. aviarius , and E. coli in their ceca ( Torok et al, 2013 ). These are four out of the five potential performance-related bacteria of the qPCR format used ( Torok et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Host Characteristics Influencing Intestinal Microbiota In Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study, where female and male broilers (age 22 and 42 days) were compared using quantitative PCR (qPCR), showed differences in abundance of Lactobacillus salivarius , L. crispatus , L. aviarius , and E. coli in their ceca ( Torok et al, 2013 ). These are four out of the five potential performance-related bacteria of the qPCR format used ( Torok et al, 2013 ). In a study on intestinal microbiota composition in chickens of 245 days of age and different broiler lines, i.e., a high (HW) and low body weight (LW) line, the relative abundance of 48 microbial species was significantly different between sexes ( Zhao et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Host Characteristics Influencing Intestinal Microbiota In Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens

et al. 2018

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The initial development of intestinal microbiota in poultry plays an important role in production performance, overall health and resistance against microbial infections. Multiplexed sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons is often used in studies, such as feed intervention or antimicrobial drug trials, to determine corresponding effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, considerable variation of intestinal microbiota composition has been observed both within and across studies. Such variation may in part be attributed to technical factors, such as sampling procedures, sample storage, DNA extraction, the choice of PCR primers and corresponding region to be sequenced, and the sequencing platforms used. Furthermore, part of this variation in microbiota composition may also be explained by different host characteristics and environmental factors. To facilitate the improvement of design, reproducibility and interpretation of poultry microbiota studies, we have reviewed the literature on confounding factors influencing the observed intestinal microbiota in chickens. First, it has been identified that host-related factors, such as age, sex, and breed, have a large effect on intestinal microbiota. The diversity of chicken intestinal microbiota tends to increase most during the first weeks of life, and corresponding colonization patterns seem to differ between layer- and meat-type chickens. Second, it has been found that environmental factors, such as biosecurity level, housing, litter, feed access and climate also have an effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As microbiota studies have to deal with many of these unknown or hidden host and environmental variables, the choice of study designs can have a great impact on study outcomes and interpretation of the data. Providing details on a broad range of host and environmental factors in articles and sequence data repositories is highly recommended. This creates opportunities to combine data from different studies for meta-analysis, which will facilitate scientific breakthroughs toward nutritional and husbandry associated strategies to improve animal health and performance.

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Section: Host Characteristics Influencing Intestinal Microbiota In Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Characteristics Influencing Intestinal Microbiota In Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens

et al. 2018

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“…T he greatest determinant of the gut microbiota composition of production animals, in addition to age and breed, is diet. The dietary levels and quality of fat, protein, and carbohydrates and the use of exogenous feed enzymes all impact the gut microbiota (1)(2)(3). Dietary fibers (DF) are carbohydrate polymers, including lignin and other plant-associated substances, that escape digestion in the small intestine and pass into the hindgut where they are (partially) fermented by the microbiota (4,5).…”

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Reduced-Particle-Size Wheat Bran Is Efficiently Colonized by a Lactic Acid-Producing Community and Reduces Levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the Cecal Microbiota of Broilers

Vermeulen

Verspreet

Haesebrouck

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In the current study we investigated whether reducing the particle size of wheat bran affects the colonizing microbial community using batch fermentations with cecal inoculum from seven different chickens. We also investigated the effect of in-feed administration of regular wheat bran (1690 μm, WB) and wheat bran with reduced particle size (280 μm, WB280) on the cecal microbial community composition of broilers. During batch fermentation, WB280 was colonized by a lactic acid producing community ( and ) and by, that contain lactic acid consuming, butyric acid producing species. The relative abundance of the decreased in the particle-associated community for both WB and WB280 compared to the control. In addition, the community attached to wheat bran was enriched in xylan degrading bacteria. When administered as a feed additive to broilers, WB280 significantly increased the richness of the cecal microbiota and the abundance of bacteria containing the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene, a key gene involved in bacterial butyrate production, while decreasing abundances of family members in the ceca. Particle size reduction of wheat bran thus resulted in colonization of the bran particles by a very specific lactic acid and butyric acid producing community and can be used to steer towards beneficial microbial shifts. This can potentially increase the resilience against pathogens and increase animal performance, when the reduced particle size wheat bran is administered as feed additive to broilers.Prebiotic dietary fibres are known to improve gastrointestinal health of both humans and animals in many different ways. They can increase the bulking capacity, improve transit times and, depending on the fibre, even stimulate the growth and activity of resident beneficial bacteria. Wheat bran is a readily available byproduct of flour processing and is a highly concentrated source of (in)soluble dietary fibre. The intake of fibre rich diets has been associated with increased and decreased numbers. Here we show that applying only 1 % of a relatively simple substrate which was technically modified using relatively simple techniques, reduces the concentration of This could imply that in future intervention studies one should take the particle size of dietary fibres into account.

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“…The molecular techniques, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, pyrotag sequencing and phylogenetic microarrays have been also used to investigate microbial community structure (Amend et al 2010;Zhou et al, 2011;Fraher et al, 2012). Torok et al (2013) developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to five potential performance-related bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius, L. crispatus, L. aviarius, Gallibacterium anatis and Escherichia coli) and generic eubacteria. They detected that L. salivarius, L. crispatus, L. aviarius, E. coli and total eubacterial numbers were altered by diet, environment (litter), and/or sex of birds.…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nutritional interventions with quercetin, oat hulls, β-glucans, lysozyme, and fish oil on immune competence related parameters of adult broiler

Krimpen¹,

Torki²,

Schokker³

et al. 2016

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2015. Effect of nutritional interventions with quercetin, oat hulls, β-glucans, lysozyme or fish oil on immune competence related parameters of adult broilers. Wageningen Livestock Research Report 977.The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of five nutritional interventions, provided during d 14 -28, including inclusion of a plant extract (quercetin); an insoluble fiber (oat hulls); a prebiotic (β-glucan); an anti-microbial protein (lysozyme), and ω-3 fatty acids from fish oil, on growth performance, composition of the intestinal microbiota, and morphology and gene expression of small intestine of broilers. Despite the different types of interventions, parameters related to immune competence were only marginally affected by the tested products. It seemed that in this study inclusion of oat hulls, and probably β-glucans, had perspective to improve immune competence. It is recommended to revaluate some of the tested interventions, especially dietary inclusion of oat hulls and β-glucans, in broilers starting from day-old onward.This report can be downloaded for free at http://dx. References 37Appendix 1 Calculated composition of the diets 48 Appendix 2 Calculated composition of the starter and finisher diets 49 Appendix 3 Chemical and nutritional composition of the rapeseed extract used in the present experiment comparing with canola meal (Khajali and Slominski, 2012) 50Limited effects of nutritional interventions were observed on gene expression of the gut tissue, and the genes differently expressed between dietary treatments do not seem to be directly involved in immune related processes. Despite the different types of interventions, parameters related to immune competence were only marginally affected by the tested products. It seemed that in this study inclusion of oat hulls, and probably β-glucans, had perspective to improve immune competence. It is recommended to revaluate some of the tested interventions, especially dietary inclusion of oat hulls and β-glucans, in broilers starting from day-old onward.

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Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens

Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens

Reduced-Particle-Size Wheat Bran Is Efficiently Colonized by a Lactic Acid-Producing Community and Reduces Levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the Cecal Microbiota of Broilers

Effect of nutritional interventions with quercetin, oat hulls, β-glucans, lysozyme, and fish oil on immune competence related parameters of adult broiler

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