Quantitative Morphometric and Hypsometric Analysis Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques

Abstract

Water and land are limited natural resources to be distributed among all equitably. Rainfall is the main source of runoff. The accurate estimate of available water resource is required to meet the raising demand for water from different sectors. Morphometric parameters and runoff estimation help in appropriate planning for, optimum utilization of water, conservation, recharging of the ground water zones, reducing the soil erosion and management of floods. The study area chosen is Kabini Command area spreads in Mysore and Chamarajnagara districts. It is located between 76 0 12 ' 0 '' E and 77 0 12 ' 0 '' E longitude and 11 0 58 ' 0 '' N and 12 0 16 ' 0 '' N with an area of 5985.48 km 2 and is covered in Survey of India (SOI) Top sheet number 57H04, 57H03, 57D16, 58E01, 58A13, 57D12, 57D08, 58A05 and 58A01 on 1:50000 scale. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to delineate the entire catchment into 7 watersheds. Morphometric analysis is carried out at the watershed level to understand the hydrological process and to derive the inferences from the watershed parameters. The bifurcation ratio ranges between 4 to 5 which shows the geological structure do not distort drainage pattern. The drainage density varies from 1.49 to 2.65 km/km 2 indicating the area is coarse and moderate in texture. Watershed is more elongated as the elongation ratio ranges from 0.34 to 0.42. Hypsometric analysis is done for the catchment to reveal the stages of geomorphic development. Hypsometric integral quantifies the geological stages of development and erosion proness of Kabini command area. Hypsometric integral has estimated by graphical plot of measured contour elevation and encompassed area by using empirical formulae.

Determining the Hydrological Behaviour of Catchment Based on Quantitative Morphometric Analysis in the Hard Rock Area of Nand Samand Catchment, Rajasthan, India

“…Currently, hypsometric curves are generated through GIS, and have been widely used throughout [51]. For example, many researchers have studied hypsometric analysis using GIS techniques (e.g., [18,19,21,22,39,[58][59][60]). HI was calculated based on Equation (10) in this study [47,61].…”

“…The Nand Samand catchment has 1824 streams, from which 922 are of the first order, whereas 422 are of the second, 228 of the third, 164 of the fourth, and 88 of the fifth, as seen in Table 1. The stream number declines with growing order, resulting in more infiltrations in less-order streams as compared to subsequent orders in the catchment [18,21,70]. Stream length (Lu): The total length of streams is 666.89 km, 316.56 km, 145.91 km, 95.42 km, and 52.21 km, respectively, for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th order streams, it is seen from Table 1.…”

“…Stream frequency (F s ): The research has 2.1 km −2 of F s Table 2; thus, recharging in more permeable sub-surface regions is possible. F s and D d are inextricably related, and their values rise as the number of streams grows [18,21,64].…”

“…Its value for the present research area is 0.68 km, as in Table 2. A higher value of C suggests reasonable lithological control with a porous surface, implying substantially greater infiltration level, mild surface discharge or runoff, and a watershed that is unaffected by structural features [17][18][19]78] Relief aspect of the drainage basin Catchment relief (H): The relief of the basin is critical in granting denudation landforms and affecting stream patterns [56,79]. H values of the present study lie between 570 (minimum height of the catchment (z)) and 1318 m AMSL (maximum height of the catchment (Z)), and the catchment relief value is 748 m, as in Table 3.…”

“…The drainage network obtained from the digital elevation model (DEM) is a more practical approach to drainage morphometric analyses (MA) [7]. Many scientists have utilized traditional methods to study the basin MP of different catchments [8][9][10][11] based on RS and GIS approaches [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], as such techniques are effective methods [15]. Several studies have assessed the form and processes of river basins using morphometric analysis; for example, Arulbalaji and Padmalal [23] used geospatial techniques for obtaining the drainage network of the Cauvery River basin (India), considering linear, relief, and aerial aspects.…”