Quantitative nanomechanical property mapping of bitumen micro-phases by peak-force Atomic Force Microscopy

Nahar, Sayeda; Schmets, A.J.M.; Schitter, Georg; Scarpas, A.

doi:10.1201/b17219-169

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The PFQNM TM technique is a combination of the Tapping TM and QNM TM modes. It captures the topography of the sample and obtains the force curve simultaneously [11,12,16] and calculates the mechanistic properties at each point of the scan area. The construction processes of a typical forcedisplacement curve are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers (e.g., [10]) suggested using the Derjaguin, Muller, Toporov (DMT) modulus of asphalt binder for characterization purposes as it considers the adhesion values of the material, while the Young's modulus does not consider the material's adhesion properties. A few other recent studies (e.g., [11,12]) also estimated the DMT moduli of neat asphalt binders using different AFM systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and nanomechanical analyses of ground tire rubber-modified asphalts

Rashid

Hossain

2016

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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Automobile industries produce more than 5.2 million tons of scrapped tires each year in the United States. Disposal of such a huge amount of waste scrapped tires has become a serious environmental issue. Scopes to use scrapped tires in the form of Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) in pavement industry have been analyzed in recent years. The GTR has potential to improve hot mix asphalt's performance from the view points of stiffness, resilience and shock absorbance properties. On the other hand, in recent years, researchers have attempted to explain performance of asphalt in terms of its nanomechanical characteristics. In this study, the PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PFQNM TM) mode of an atomic force microscope has been employed to find basic nanomechanistic properties and the morphology of GTRmodified asphalt binders. A performance grade (PG) binder (PG 64-22) modified with two different grades of GTR (Mesh #30 and Mesh #40) samples have been evaluated in this study. Nanomechanical properties such as adhesion, energy dissipation, deformation, and DMT (Derjaguin, Muller, and Toporov) modulus for the GTR-modified binders have been quantified. Each sample was scanned for three different (5 9 5, 10 9 10, and 20 9 20 lm) areas. The PFQNM TM analyses revealed distinct microstructures and grain distributions among tested additive modified binder samples. Two distinct phases, namely Catana and Peri-phase, were observed in GTR-modified samples, although the DMT moduli were found to be in a close range in these areas. The neat binder showed another phase, named Perpetua, which was missing from the GTRmodified samples. It was observed that modification of asphalt by addition of GTR considerably changes the mechanistic properties of the base binder.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and nanomechanical analyses of ground tire rubber-modified asphalts

Rashid

Hossain

2016

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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“…3a and 3c in the topography images. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The height images show the presence of filler particles (encircled).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of field samples and characterization of the microstructure of bituminous materials as displayed in field samples by AFM measurements

Fischer

Nahar²

2017

RILEM Tech Lett

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The properties of asphalt concrete depend strongly on the interaction between binder and fillers/aggregates. Especially the development of microstructures of the bituminous binders employed and the interaction of the different parts of the microstructure with the solid surface of the filler particles are important parameters in determining the long-term performance of these materials. This paper describes a procedure for the preparation of an extracted field sample to be accessible for micro-structural investigations by atomic force microscopy and the results of such experiments.

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“…Then, the PF‐QNM was developed to offer a direct method for measuring adhesion, Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) modulus, energy dissipation and deformation maps. So far, based on this mode, some scholars deeply investigated the surface characteristics of bitumen and found that different phases had different nanomechanical properties (Nahar et al ., 2014; Gong et al ., 2015; Nahar et al ., 2016; Wang & Liu, 2017; Ganter et al ., 2019; Xing et al ., 2019). Relying on the AFM PF‐QNM mode, the present study explored the phase difference between the surface and interior of base bitumen and the effect of mineral aggregates on bitumen interior phase characteristics at the nanoscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the nanoscale phase characteristics of bitumen and bitumen in mastics and mixtures via AFM

Xing

Liu

2020

Journal of Microscopy

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Summary A peak force quantitative nanomechanical mode (PF‐QNM) can be used to simultaneously measure the topographical and nanomechanical property maps of samples. Currently, few studies used this mode to investigate the phase characteristics of bitumen in mastics and mixtures. The present study adopted hot‐bitumen‐pouring methods to prepare base bitumen surface samples and further used frozen‐storage and low‐temperature‐cutting methods to prepare the internal samples of base bitumen in mastics and mixtures. Then, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) PF‐QNM mode was used to collect data on the topographical and nanomechanical properties of bitumen and bitumen in mastics and mixtures. The results indicated that a typical bee structure only appeared on the bitumen surface. In contrast to the bitumen surface, the bitumen interior showed two phases, A‐ and B‐phase, which were close in some properties to the periphase and paraphase of the bitumen surface, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of mineral aggregates affected the phase characteristics of the free bitumen interior. With an increase in the mineral aggregate surface area, the proportion of A‐phase decreased and that of B‐phase increased in the free bitumen interior. Lay Description Bitumen is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons primarily applied for pavement materials. In the pavement industry, the bituminous mixture is a multilevel system, in which bitumen acts as a binder binding the aggregates and fillers to form bituminous mixture. Currently, atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is an advanced microscopy technology, has been used to investigate bitumen surface phase characteristics at the nanoscale. However, few studies have directly explored the nanoscale phase characteristics of bitumen in mastics or mixtures. Recently, with the progress of technology, a peak‐force‐quantitative‐nanomechanical mode (PF‐QNM) can be used to simultaneously measure the topographical and nanomechanical property maps of samples. Relying on this advanced mode, this study analyzed the nanoscale phase characteristics of the bitumen surface and interior, and further explored the effect of mineral aggregates on bitumen interior phase characteristics. In detail, we used hot‐bitumen‐pouring methods to prepare bitumen surface samples and adopted frozen‐storage and low‐temperature‐cutting methods to prepare the internal samples of bitumen in mastics and mixtures. Subsequently, AFM PF‐QNM mode was used to collect topographical and nanomechanical property maps of bitumen and bitumen in mastics and mixtures. The results indicated that the bitumen interior only consisted of two phases, where the A‐phase presented low adhesion, deformation, and dissipation, while the B‐phase presented high adhesion, deformation, and dissipation. A‐phase and B‐phase of the bitumen interior were close to the periphase and paraphase of the bitumen surface, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of mineral aggregates significantly affected the bitumen interior phase characteristics.

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Quantitative nanomechanical property mapping of bitumen micro-phases by peak-force Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Morphological and nanomechanical analyses of ground tire rubber-modified asphalts

Morphological and nanomechanical analyses of ground tire rubber-modified asphalts

Preparation of field samples and characterization of the microstructure of bituminous materials as displayed in field samples by AFM measurements

Analysis of the nanoscale phase characteristics of bitumen and bitumen in mastics and mixtures via AFM

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