Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt

Shaheen, Mohamed N F; Elmahdy, Elmahdy M.; Chawla‐Sarkar, Mamta

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05435-0

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…European countries, including Finland, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Italy, and Germany, have indicated low detection rates of HuNoV (3.6~8.3%) [ 17 , 52 , 53 ]. Contrarily, Argentina, Ghana, and Egypt have reported high detection rates of HuNoV in irrigation water (31~80%) [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Therefore, viral contamination of irrigation water sources (e.g., groundwater, wastewater, rivers, and reservoirs) should be monitored and controlled for ensuring the production of safe produce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In European countries, the detection rate of AdenoV was 28.1% in irrigation waters while that of RotaV in Italy was 1.4% [ 17 , 52 ]. However, it should be noted that the detection rate of AdenoV and RotaV were as high as 93.7 and 50%, respectively in irrigation waters in a developing country [ 55 ]. As the detection frequency of AdenoV was affected by the quality of irrigation water in each country and region, it could be an indicator to monitor the water quality and virus contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne viruses in reservoirs (an important resource of irrigation water) and its correlation with environmental and weather factors. From May 2017 to November 2018, we visited ten reservoirs and a river in the Anseong region of South Korea and collected a total of 192 samples in accordance with the environment protection agency guidelines. We recorded the weather factors (temperature, humidity, and accumulated precipitation) and investigated the surrounding environment factors (livestock, fishing site, the catchment area of reservoirs, etc.). Our research results show that from the river and reservoirs, the detection rates of human norovirus GII, adenovirus, rotavirus, human norovirus GI, and astrovirus were 27.1, 10.4, 10.4, 4.16, and 3.1%, respectively. Their viral load ranged from −1.48 to 1.55 log10 genome copies/l. However, hepatitis A virus was not detected in any irrigation water sample. Although no sampling was performed in winter, foodborne viruses and male-specific coliphages were frequently found during spring (40.78%) and autumn (39.47%). Interestingly, the significant correlation between the accumulative precipitation and the number of detected norovirus and adenovirus was confirmed by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, when the accumulative precipitation ranged from 20 to 60 mm, it significantly affected the viral load and prevalence. Among the environmental factors, recreational facilities such as fishing sites and bungalow fishing spots were identified as contamination sources by correlation analysis. Our research results confirmed the correlations between environmental contamination factors in the reservoir and weather factors with the prevalence of foodborne viruses in the reservoir. These facilitates the assessment of potential foodborne virus contamination during crop irrigation. In addition, predictive models including environmental and weather factors should be developed for monitoring and controlling the safety of irrigation waters in reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

et al. 2020

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“…Prevalence of 28Á2% was previously reported with titre from 2Á8 9 10 2 to 2Á4 9 10 3 gc g À1 (Felix-Valenzuela et al 2012;Parada-Fabian et al 2016). A recent study performed on fresh produce in Egypt found that HAV was present in 25Á8% of samples at around 6Á4 9 10 3 gc g À1 (Shaheen, Elmahdy and Chawla-Sarkar 2019). Similarly, various frozen berries, frozen diced potatoes and frozen diced apple were tested as positive in China (2Á8% of total) (Fang et al 2016), as well as strawberries (0Á001%) in South Korea (Shin et al 2019).…”

Section: Prevalence Levels and Risk Associated With Hav In Foodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…2016). A recent study performed on fresh produce in Egypt found that HAV was present in 25·8% of samples at around 6·4 × 10 3 gc g −1 (Shaheen, Elmahdy and Chawla‐Sarkar 2019). Similarly, various frozen berries, frozen diced potatoes and frozen diced apple were tested as positive in China (2·8% of total) (Fang et al .…”

Section: Hav Detection In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A infections from food

Randazzo

Sánchez

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Food contaminated by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible of the 2-7% of all HAV outbreaks worldwide. This review provides a description of the HAV characteristics, its infectivity and epidemiological features. In addition, this review compiles existing original papers reporting HAV prevalence, viral titres in foodstuffs and the risk associated with food contamination. The purpose of this revision is to conduct a structured and systematic review of the published molecular procedures for HAV detection in food, including the assessment of its infectivity. based on the analysis of a 168-nucleotide segment of the VP1-2A region, HAV is classified in six genotypes. Genotypes I, II and III, have human origin and are divided into subtypes A and B, while genotypes IV, V and VI cause infections in simians (Desbois et al. 2010). Features of HAV infection The course of hepatitis A ranges from mild to severe, and is typically more severe in adults than in children (<6 years), that are often asymptomatic. Common symptoms associated with acute HAV infection are loss of appetite, fever, headache, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, myalgia, dark-coloured urine and jaundice. HAV infection develops a lifelong immunity and does not result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease (Lemon et al. 2017). Adults with hepatitis A illness usually develop symptoms after a long incubation period of 14-28 days (up to 50 days) after the exposure, and a high numbers of virus particles are excreted reaching the maximum of up to 10 11 genome copies (gc) per gram of faeces just before the onset of symptoms. The fatality rate in HAV infections is lower than 0Á1%, although in elderly it may rise up to 1Á8-5Á4% (1Á8-5Á4%) (Bosch et al. 2016). Routes of transmission and epidemiology HAV is excreted in faeces and the main route of transmission is from person to person by the faecal-oral route

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“…The most likely route of contamination is contaminated water used for irrigation or processing of fruits. The occurrence of human enteric viruses, including HAV, was shown in irrigation water and fresh produce samples collected from urban agricultural farms in different regions in Egypt and may be a consequence of an irrigation process that uses contaminated surface water [19]. Interestingly, Polish producer Y, to whom implicated strawberries in the Swedish and Austrian outbreaks were traced back to, has received Egyptian strawberries from a German distributor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence of an international hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries, Germany, 2018 to 2020

Ruscher¹,

Faber

Werber³

et al. 2020

Eurosurveillance

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Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt

Cited by 34 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

Hepatitis A infections from food

Resurgence of an international hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries, Germany, 2018 to 2020

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