analysis. Furthermore, the key paper "Rietveld refinement guidelines" (McCusker et al. 1999), supported by the International Union of Crystallography, did not dedicate a section to RQPA. On the other hand, building materials, such as ordinary Portland cements (OPCs), are very complex samples of worldwide importance, hence quantitative knowledge of their mineralogical composition is necessary to predict performances (Taylor 1997). Ultimately, the assemblage of crystalline phases, and not the bulk chemistry, determines cement features. In fact, the hydraulic properties of a mortar/concrete mainly depend on the cement mineralogical composition and its texture (Bentz 2008; Skibsted and Hall 2008; Scrivener and Nonat 2011). The most widely used method of estimating the potential phase composition of Portland cement in cement plants is the Bogue calculation from its elemental analysis usually determined by X-Ray Fluorescence, XRF (Bogue 1929; Taylor 1989). However, it is well known that the phase abundance calculated by this indirect approach may be quite far from the true values. This is due mainly to three reasons: i) the four main clinker phases are solid solutions with compositions significantly different from the stoichiometric pure-phases; ii) there is no certainty of attaining equilibrium conditions (both in the kiln and for sure in the cooling process, Hong et al. 2001); iii) the presence of minor phases. As an alternative approach, RQPA allows a direct measurement of the phase content of cements. So, on-line systems for RQPA of clinkers and cements are becoming widespread. However, we will not deal here with on-line RQPA at cement plants. The reader is addressed to specific publications dealing with this subject including reproducible sample preparation, fast data acquisition and fast-and-robust data analysis (