Quantitative properties of achromatic color induction: An edge integration analysis

Rudd, Michael E.; Zemach, Iris K.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2003.12.004

Cited by 77 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Yet, we find powerful edge responses that are almost identical for disk and surround modulations. Given the psychophysical evidence that edges play a key role in color and brightness perception (Reid and Shapley, 1988;Brenner and Cornelissen, 1991;Rudd and Arrington, 2001;Bindman and Chubb, 2004a,b;Hong and Shevell, 2004a,b;Rudd and Zemach, 2004;Shapiro et al, 2004), our results could be interpreted as evidence that surface filling-in is unnecessary and that edge responses alone, or in combination with local luminance, determine surface brightness (Blakeslee and McCourt, 1999;Dakin and Bex, 2003;Blakeslee and McCourt, 2004;Shapiro et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

Cornelissen¹,

Wade²,

Vladusich³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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The brightness and color of a surface depends on its contrast with nearby surfaces. For example, a gray surface can appear very light when surrounded by a black surface or dark when surrounded by a white surface. Some theories suggest that perceived surface brightness and color is represented explicitly by neural signals in cortical visual field maps; these neural signals are not initiated by the stimulus itself but rather by the contrast signals at the borders. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to search for such neural "filling-in" signals. Although we find the usual strong relationship between local contrast and fMRI response, when perceived brightness or color changes are induced by modulating a surrounding field, rather than the surface itself, we find there is no corresponding local modulation in primary visual cortex or other nearby retinotopic maps. Moreover, when we model the obtained fMRI responses, we find strong evidence for contributions of both local and long-range edge responses. We argue that such extended edge responses may be caused by neurons previously identified in neurophysiological studies as being brightness responsive, a characterization that may therefore need to be revised. We conclude that the visual field maps of human V1 and V2 do not contain filled-in, topographical representations of surface brightness and color.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

Cornelissen¹,

Wade²,

Vladusich³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…This implies that the illusory effects in the Grating Induction illusion are confined to the boundaries of the gray-strip [11,12]. From Figure 4a and 4b, it can be seen that the visibility threshold of the illusory effect increases with the wavelength of the background sine/ square wave.…”

Section: General Discussion and Inferencesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Experimental Observations of the Visibility Threshold of Illusory effects in Hermann Grid, Sinusoidal and Square Gratings and their Possible Implications

Ghosh¹

2017

IJOAO

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Experimental studies have been conducted on the Sinusoidal Grating, Square Grating and Hermann Grid Illusions. Volunteers were presented with a range of input stimuli and asked to report the perceptibility of the illusory effect. We tried to find the thresholds for the parameters within which the illusion is visible. Some noteworthy observations were made from these experiments. We have observed that the length scale of the illusory effect changes with the typical length scale of the input stimulus, almost in proportion, wherefrom one can draw the conclusion that most spatial filters, possessing typical length scales of their own, would not respond to stimuli much smaller or much larger than that typical length scale. We have also found that even tiny changes to the pattern of the Hermann grid illusion is sufficient to wipe out the illusion completely, i.e. the illusion is very sensitive to tiny changes in the input stimulus. These observations indicate that simple linear models such as the DOG (Difference of Gaussians) model or even the highly successful ODOG (Oriented Difference of Gaussians) model of brightness perception are actually inadequate for explaining such effects. The present work thus bears implication for future efforts towards modeling the human visual system, by pointing out certain features that such models must exhibit. Kolkata, India; E-mail: kuntal@isical.ac.in der Psychophysik, Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887) first introduced a class of techniques and psychophysical methods in order to correlate stimulus with sensation [2,3]. Many variations and extensions of these classical methods have since then been proposed, but the very essence of psychophysical experimentations remained same i.e., measurement, characterization and quantification of the perceptual experience using some psychophysical quantities. According to Fechner, and in fact the same was indicated even before him by Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841), Absolute Threshold of any stimulus intensity is an important measurable quantity to judge any stimulus and objectify it's perception in the brain. This was the primary motivation behind the selection of 'absolute threshold' as the focus of this work. The term 'absolute threshold' is defined as the minimum intensity level of stimulus that can be detected reliably by any subject. In this work we have performed some experimental studies on brightness contrast illusions to find the absolute thresholds of perceptibility of the illusory effects. These thresholds were measured as a function of certain characteristic parameters of the stimuli. We have worked on Brightnesscontrast illusions which are considered very important because a complete understanding of these illusions can help us get an insight into the physiological mechanism of lateral inhibition and the cognitive mechanism of brightness perception in our brain. In this particular work, we have taken two widely known brightness contrast illusions the Hermann grid illusion and the Grating induction, for experimentat...

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“…However perceived contrast of decremental gratings were not systematically studied previously under conditions similar to those reported here. Processing differences between positive and negative local contrast has been reported in literature both by behavioral and neuronal studies (e.g., Chubb & Nam, 2000;Rekauzke et al, 2016;Rudd & Zemach, 2004Sato et al, 2016;Whittle, 1986;Zaghloul et al, 2003). The light-dark asymmetry is also incorporated in some models of brightness (e.g., Rudd, 2013Rudd, , 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…4). Using rectified gratings allowed us to study positive and negative contrast patterns independently, which was critical because both behavioral and neural evidence in previous studies suggest fundamental differences between processing of incremental and decremental luminance patterns (e.g., Blackwell, 1946;Chubb & Nam, 2000;Economou, Zdravkovic, & Gilchrist, 2007;Kremkow, Jin, Wang, & Alonso, 2016;Patel & Jones, 1968;Rekauzke et al, 2016;Rudd & Zemach, 2004Sato, Motoyoshi, & Sato, 2016;Whittle, 1986;Zaghloul, Boahen, & Demb, 2003). Previous studies in literature have found interactions between spatial frequency and mean luminance in contrast perception using simple gratings (Chubb, Sperling, & Solomon, 1989;Georgeson & Sullivan, 1975;Peli et al, 1996;Robilotto & Zaidi, 2004;Van & Bouman, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent lightness affects perceived contrast

Pamir

Boyacı

2016

Vision Research

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a b s t r a c tPerceived contrast of a grating varies with its background (or mean) luminance: of the two gratings with the same photometric contrast the one on higher luminance background appears to have higher contrast. Does perceived contrast also vary with context-dependent background lightness even when the luminance remains constant? We investigated this question using a stimulus in which two equiluminant patches (''context squares", CSs) appear different in lightness. First we measured the lightness effect in a behavioral experiment. After ensuring that it was present for all participants, we conducted perceived contrast experiments, where participants judged the contrast of rectified incremental and decremental square-wave gratings superimposed on the CSs. For the incremental gratings participants' settings were significantly different for the two CSs. Specifically, perceived contrast was higher when the gratings were placed on the context square that was perceived lighter. In a follow-up experiment we measured perceived contrast of rectified gratings on isolated patches that differed in luminance. The pattern of results of the two experiments was consistent, demonstrating that possibly shared mechanisms underpin the effects of background luminance and context-dependent lightness on perceived contrast.

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Quantitative properties of achromatic color induction: An edge integration analysis

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

Experimental Observations of the Visibility Threshold of Illusory effects in Hermann Grid, Sinusoidal and Square Gratings and their Possible Implications

Context-dependent lightness affects perceived contrast

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