Quantitative Proteomics of Potato Leaves Infected with Phytophthora infestans Provides Insights into Coordinated and Altered Protein Expression during Early and Late Disease Stages

Abstract

In order to get a better understanding of protein association during Solanum tuberosum (cv. Sarpo Mira)–Phytophthora infestans incompatible interaction, we investigated the proteome dynamics of cv. Sarpo Mira, after foliar application of zoospore suspension from P. infestans isolate, at three key time-points: zero hours post inoculation (hpi) (Control), 48 hpi (EI), and 120 hpi (LI); divided into early and late disease stages by the tandem mass tagging (TMT) method. A total of 1229 differentially-expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in cv. Sarpo Mira in a pairwise comparison of the two disease stages, including commonly shared DEPs, specific DEPs in early and late disease stages, respectively. Over 80% of the changes in protein abundance were up-regulated in the early stages of infection, whereas more DEPs (61%) were down-regulated in the later disease stage. Expression patterns, functional category, and enrichment tests highlighted significant coordination and enrichment of cell wall-associated defense response proteins during the early stage of infection. The late stage was characterized by a cellular protein modification process, membrane protein complex formation, and cell death induction. These results, together with phenotypic observations, provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of P. infestans resistance in potatos.

Proteomics of PTI and Two ETI Immune Reactions in Potato Leaves

“…A previous report has shown that a DUF26 domain-containing protein, HvCRK1, is involved in regulating basal resistance but not R-gene dependent programmed cell death in barley [17]. In a recent study, the same protein was found to be increased in abundance when potato plants were challenged with intact P. infestans [18].…”

“…In previous studies, it has been shown that in Arabidopsis , a mutant lacking glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation resulted in a reduction of jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation [19], indicating that an increase of this protein might contribute to a generation of signaling molecules needed for the PTI response. Moreover, the identical protein was also found to be increased in abundance when potato leaves were inoculated with P. infestans [18]. Another protein that was upregulated in all three interactions was a germin (PGSC0003DMP400031837).…”

“…The average fold change in expression in the PTI and ETI plants, as compared to control plants infiltrated with media, was 0.27 for PTI, 0.18 for ETI-IpiO, and 0.16 for ETI-Avr2, p = 0.015. Furthermore, xylem serine proteinase 1 was found to decrease in abundance in a recent study by Xiao et al [18], where they inoculated potatoes with P. infestans. A possible explanation of the decrease in abundance of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor and xylem serine proteinase 1 could be that they are part of fine-tuning the immunity or HR processes, which require some negative regulators [35].…”

Comparative Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tachaea chinensis Isopod During Parasitism

“…SCX fractionation and LC-MS/MS analysis were conducted according to a published protocol (Xiao et al, 2019). The TMT-labeled samples were analyzed using an Easy-nLC nanoflow HPLC system connected to Orbitrap-Elite (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA).…”

Plant Proteomic Research 2.0: Trends and Perspectives

“…They identified defense-related proteins and elucidated unknown signaling responses to this microbe-associated molecular pattern, including endocytosis. Furthermore, proteomic techniques were used to identify the mechanism in crops such as tomato [5], sugarcane [6], potato [7], and wheat [8] under biotic stress. Plants and pathogens are entangled in a continual arms race.…”