Quantitative risk assessment of continuous liquid spill fires based on spread and burning behaviours

Abstract

Spill fires usually occur during the storage and transportation of hazardous materials, posing a threat to the people and environment in their immediate proximity.In this paper, a classical Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) method is used to assess the risk of spill fires. In this method, the maximum spread area and the steady burning area are introduced as parameters to clearly assess the range of influence of the spill fire. In the calculations, a modified spread model that takes into consideration the burning rate variation is established to calculate the maximum spread area.Furthermore, the steady burning area is calculated based on volume conservation between the leakage rate and the fuel consumption rate due to burning. Combining these two parameters with leakage frequency, flame model, and vulnerability model,

Analysis of historic fires to determine most frequent challenging events

“…Fire experiment data are broadly used directly in PRA or used to validate models for PRA of NPPs. A description of the frequent challenging fire events and how they relate to previously performed fire experiments (McGrattan et al, 2012;Avidor et al, 2003;Plumecocq et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2008;McAllister and Finney, 2016;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2019bYou et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016;Bowes and Langford, 1967;Hooker et al, 2017) is provided below.…”

Uncertainty-based decision-making in fire safety: Analyzing the alternatives

“…PRAs have their foundation in the Rasmussen study [53] and the theoretical basis provided by Kaplan [44]. Several references provide technical details of PRAs [54][55][56][57] and detailed examples include airports [58], liquid spill fires [59], natural events triggering technological events (NaTech; these are events where events such as floods interact with manmade systems to cause undesired events such as explosions) [60,61], hydrogen refueling stations [62], land-use planning [63], railway tunnels [64], urban road tunnels [65]. In short, in PRAs risk is defined as the triplet <si, pi, xi>, where i refers to an integer number representing a given scenario (s), p refers to the probability of said scenario occurring and x to its consequences.…”

Development of the method for the optimal management of occupational risks

“…Work [13] studies the management of risks, which are caused by harmful and hazardous factors of fire. The method was developed based on the classical methods of quantitative risk assessment.…”