Quantitative risk assessment of the aggregate dermal exposure to the sensitizing fragrance geraniol in personal care products and household cleaning agents

Nijkamp, Monique M.; Bokkers, Bas; Bakker, Martine; Ezendam, Janine; Delmaar, J.E.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.004

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, geraniol is reported to be a potential dermal senisitzer. [2][3][4][5][6] In this safety assessment, the Panel is reviewing information available to evaluate the potential toxicity of each of the Eucalyptus globulus-derived ingredients as whole, complex mixtures. Except for specific constituents of concern, the Panel is not reviewing information that may be available to assess the potential toxicity of the individual constituents derived from Eucalyptus globulus.…”

Section: Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract Eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential sensitizers include geraniol [2][3][4][5][6] (found in the essential oil) and the hydroperoxides of limonene 2,6,25 (leaf essential oil) and linalool 2,26 (leaf and leaf essential oil). 27 Other constituents of concern found in the Eucalyptus globulus plant are myrcene (leaf essential oil), pinene (essential oil, leaf, and leaf essential oil) and quercetin (leaf and stem bark).…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Assessment of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

Becker¹,

Akinsulie²,

Bergfeld³

et al. 2023

Int J Toxicol

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This is a safety assessment of 6 Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. The reported functions of the Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)-derived ingredients include abrasive, fragrance ingredient, and skin-conditioning agent (miscellaneous and occlusive). The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the relevant data on these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Industry should use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel concluded that Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-sensitizing.

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Section: Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract Eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

Becker¹,

Akinsulie²,

Bergfeld³

et al. 2023

Int J Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EU 에서는 2012년 소비자안전과학위원회(Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, SCCS)가 임상 및 실험데이터 검토를 통해 인 체에 알레르기반응가능 향료성분 85종(α-, β-이성질체 개별 집계)을 발표 16) 한 이후 소비자 안전을 위해 라벨표시 대상의 범 위를 확장시키는 것에 대한 논의가 이루어지고 있다. [17][18][19] 세정제품, 20,21) 방향ㆍ탈취제품 22) 등의 생활화학제품은 알레 르기반응가능 향료성분의 주요 인체노출원이다. 법적 표시대 상인 알레르기반응가능 향료성분 26종 외에도 다양한 알레르 기반응가능 향료성분이 생활화학제품에 함유되어 있을 수 있 다.…”

Section: 서 론 향료(Fragrance)는 특유의 향 또는 냄새를 일으키는 단일 또unclassified

Characteristics and Co-Occurrence Patterns of Fragrance Allergens in Consumer Chemical Products

Kim

Lee

Lim

2022

J Environ Health Sci

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Background: Fragrance substances in consumer products can cause adverse health effects such as contact allergy. In South Korea, consumer chemical products must list 26 known fragrance allergens on product labels when they contain more than 0.01%. Fragrance substances are mostly used in combination, so co-exposure can occur via use of a consumer chemical product. Co-exposure to fragrance allergens may show a synergistic effect on the human body. Objectives:The aims of the study were to analyze the characteristics of fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products available on public websites and to identify the co-occurrence patterns of fragrance allergens. Methods:The chemicals in 1,443 ingredient disclosures for consumer chemical products were collected through the Ecolife database. The 26 labelled fragrance allergens were identified by category of consumer chemical product. The co-occurrence patterns of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens were analyzed by frequent pattern mining. The unlabelled fragrance allergens presented by European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety were also identified.Results: Consumer chemical products contained an average of 5.3±4.2 substances among the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. More than 85% of air fresheners, deodorizing agents, and fabric softeners contained at least one of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. The most frequently contained fragrance allergens were limonene (50.5%), linalool (49.9%), hexyl cinnamal (34.0%), and citronellol (28.3%). 16.7% of consumer chemical products showed a co-occurrence of limonene, linalool, hexyl cinnamal, and citronellol. Thirty-eight unlabelled fragrance allergens were found in the consumer chemical products, with hexamethylindanopyran (25.2%) being the most frequently contained substance. Conclusions:The characteristics and co-occurrence patterns of 26 labelled fragrance allergens would be useful information for the management of co-exposure to fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products.It is necessary for attention to be paid to unlabelled fragrance allergens.

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“…Unlike general consumer goods, PCP is largely used for hair, the body, and skin. Hence, consumers tend to check ingredients and materials more carefully when purchasing sustainable PCP than they do for other general green products (Nijkamp et al, 2015).…”

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Organizations’ Internal Green Supply Chain Management on Consumers' Purchasing Behavior for Personal Care Products

Lim

Lee

2021

OSCM: An Int. Journal

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This study examines the impact of organizations' internal environmental management (IEM), which is one of the important factor of green supply chain management on consumer purchase behavior for sustainable personal care products. This study will provide information useful for managing internal corporate environments as a strategic way to create pro-environmental corporate images. Based on the theory of planned behavior, consumers' green purchasing behavior was measured using attitude, subjective norms, the perceived environmental friendliness of products and their subsequent purchasing behaviors for sustainable personal care products (PCP). The findings suggest that organizational IEM has a positive influence on purchasing behavior for PCP. Thus, corporate disclosure of IEM practices to consumers was found to exert a positive influence on their purchasing behavior. However, there was no significant relationship between the perceived environmental friendliness of products and consumer purchasing behavior. The present study discusses the implications for firms and recommends the integration of IEM and marketing strategy for environmental activities to create an eco-friendly personal care company.

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Quantitative risk assessment of the aggregate dermal exposure to the sensitizing fragrance geraniol in personal care products and household cleaning agents

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Safety Assessment of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

Safety Assessment of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

Characteristics and Co-Occurrence Patterns of Fragrance Allergens in Consumer Chemical Products

Impact of Organizations’ Internal Green Supply Chain Management on Consumers' Purchasing Behavior for Personal Care Products

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