Quantitative sensory test for primary restless legs syndrome/Willis–Ekbom disease using the current perception threshold test

Cho, Yong Won; Kang, Min-Sung; Kim, Keun Tae; Do, So Young; Lim, Jung-Geun; Lee, So Young; Motamedi, Gholam K.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.003

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Changes in central sensory processing in RLS patients seem to be closely related to the timing of symptoms. In our previous study, all three stimulation frequencies showed changes according to the time of day when symptoms started (Cho et al., ). There was no significant difference in CPT between RLS patients and controls during the asymptomatic daytime period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, the RLS patients had lower CPT values for all three frequencies during the symptomatic evening period compared to the asymptomatic daytime period. In addition, the CPT for small unmyelinated C fibres (5 Hz frequency) in the evening was lower in RLS patients than in controls (Cho et al., ). The present study also showed significantly lower daytime CPT values at all three frequencies in the symptom+ group, whereas symptom− subjects showed no differences compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CPT was measured by an examiner (SYD) according to the methods described in our previous study (Cho et al., ) using the Neurometer ® CPT/C device (Neurotron Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA). Briefly, the tests were performed with the patient lying supine in a quiet room with a temperature of 21–22°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported the diurnal variation of hyperalgesia in RLS using a CPT test (Cho et al., ). The objective of this study was to investigate the function of sensory nerve fibres in RLS patients through the CPT test while the patients were experiencing RLS symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome

Seok

Motamedi

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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Few studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS). However, these studies were mainly performed during the asymptomatic period and therefore their findings might not apply to changes in sensory processing that occur during the symptomatic period. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of sensory nerve fibres in RLS patients using the current perception threshold (CPT) test during the daytime and in the presence of symptoms. Ninety‐three patients with RLS and 34 healthy controls were included in the study. RLS patients were further divided into two subgroups, those who were experiencing RLS symptoms during the CPT test (symptom+) and those without symptoms (symptom−). Demographic data, RLS rating scale score and visual analogue scale were collected. Of the 127 enrolled subjects, CPT values were significantly lower in RLS patients than in controls for all three frequencies. Among the control and RLS subgroups (53 symptom+, 40 symptom−), symptom+ patients showed lower CPT values than controls. This finding indicates a relative hyperaesthetic state in the sensory afferents of peripheral nerves in symptom+ patients. There were no significant differences between the symptom− group and controls. The significantly lower CPT values for all three frequencies in symptom+ patients suggest that central sensory processing disturbance of sensory nerve fibres’ input may be involved in the development of symptoms in RLS patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome

Seok

Motamedi

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…In this regard, NEUROMETER CPT/C can be used to evaluate CPT 7 . Such sensory function monitoring is primarily used to diagnose diabetic neuropathy, but it can also be used in conjunction with the treatment of neurological diseases, including restless leg syndrome and mechanical neck disorder 17,18 . NEUROMETER CPT/C directly and differentially stimulates large-and small-diameter sensory nerve fibre, independent of factors such as skin thickness, temperature, and substances involved in the induction of pruritus 6,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of pregabalin for the treatment of chronic pruritus of unknown origin, assessed based on electric current perception threshold

Lee

Jang

Bae

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is defined as itching lasting more than 6 weeks in the absence of discernible skin lesions. Pregabalin is used to treat patients with CPUO. In this study, we aimed to investigate differences in the perception threshold of itch sensation between patients with CPUO and healthy individuals and to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin for CPUO. At baseline, week 2, and week 4 after treatment initiation, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was measured to assess pruritus severity, and electric current perception threshold (CPT) was measured at 250 and 5 Hz using a NEUROMETER CPT/C stimulator. Twenty healthy individuals and 41 patients with CPUO were enrolled in this study. The patients with CPUO were categorised as those who responded to antihistamines (Antihistamine group), were not improved by antihistamines (Pregabalin group), and were not improved by antihistamines and pregabalin (Refractory group). The baseline CPT values were not significantly different between patients with CPUO and healthy control. Pruritus was improved in 7 of 10 patients in the Pregabalin group after treatment with pregabalin, showing decreased CPT at 5 Hz. The sensitive C-fibres presented a high threshold to detect itch sensation, and this sensitivity decreased in response to treatment with pregabalin. Chronic pruritus is defined as itching that persists for more than 6 weeks 1. Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) refers to the condition where such itching occurs in the absence of known disease processes 2,3. Given that patients with CPUO often fail to respond to topical treatments and oral antihistamines, gabapentin or pregabalin, which are used to treat neuropathic pain 4 , have been increasingly used because CPUO and neuropathic pain are associated with a similar involvement of the nervous system 5. Measurement of the electric current perception threshold (CPT) is based on the detection of the threshold of sensory nerves to electric stimulation 6. NEUROMETER CPT⁄C (Neurotron Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA) measures the CPT at frequencies of 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz, which are the sensory thresholds of Aβ-, Aδ-, and C-fibres, respectively 6 , of which Aδ-and C-fibres are considered to transmit itching signals from the skin 7. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the CPT in patients with CPUO during pregabalin treatment and compared their baseline data with those of healthy people. Therefore, we attempted to confirm, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and CPT, the effect of pregabalin on patients with CPUO who were unresponsive to topical steroids and oral antihistamines. We also investigated whether there are any differences in the CPT between patients with CPUO and healthy individuals. Methods Study participants. Eligible participants were adults with chronic pruritus that persisted for more than 6 weeks and healthy individuals as the Healthy control group. Patients with chronic pruritus had thorough history taking, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including tests for cr...

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Exploring the role of the endogenous opiate system in the pathogenesis of anemia in an opiate receptor knock-out model of Restless Legs Syndrome

Walters

Karroum

et al. 2022

Medical Hypotheses

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Quantitative sensory test for primary restless legs syndrome/Willis–Ekbom disease using the current perception threshold test

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome

Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome

Efficacy of pregabalin for the treatment of chronic pruritus of unknown origin, assessed based on electric current perception threshold

Exploring the role of the endogenous opiate system in the pathogenesis of anemia in an opiate receptor knock-out model of Restless Legs Syndrome

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