Quantitative spray analysis of diesel fuel and its emulsions using digital image processing

Abstract

Abstract. In the present work, an experimental investigation of spray atomization of different liquids has been carried out. An air-assist atomizer operating at low injection pressures valued (4 and 6 bar) has been used to generate sprays of (diesel fuel, 5, 10, and 15% water-emulsified-diesel), respectively. A Photron-SA4 high speed camera has been used for spray imaging at 2000 fps. 20 time intervals (from 5 to 100 ms with 5 ms time difference) are selected for analysis and comparison. Spray macroscopic characteristics (spray penetration, dispersion, cone angle, axial and dispersion velocities) have been extracted by a proposed technique based on image processing using Matlab, where the maximum and minimum (horizontal and vertical) boundaries of the spray are detected, from which the macroscopic spray characteristics are evaluated. The maximum error of this technique is (1.5% for diesel spray) and a little bit higher for its emulsions.

A novel device for automated determination of the smoke point with non-invasive adaptation of ASTM D1322 normalized lamps

“…Laser-based optical techniques are widely applied to analyze combustion flows and obtain incylinder measurements as chemical compound formation or particle size distribution; a complete overview of these measurement fields can be found in [9]. In relation to the analysis of alternative fuel quality, computer vision techniques have been broadly employed for the analysis of the spray properties [10,14].…”

Automatic macroscopic characterization of diesel sprays by means of a new image processing algorithm

“…One of the most important characteristics of the segmentation method is whether it is automatic or manual. Techniques like constant threshold manual selection have been employed by [28][29][30][31][32]. This approach consists in manually determining a luminosity level, based on empirical analysis, such that pixels with a value higher are considered as spray while those with an inferior level are considered as background.…”

Spray and Combustion Characteristics of a Novel Multi-circular Jet Plate in Air-assisted Atomizer

“…Atomization and spray formation can be characterized considering the improvements in measurement and instrumentation techniques. Spray characteristics can be categorized into macroscopic characteristics, including penetration, cone angle, radial dispersion, and axial velocity, and microscopic characteristics, including droplet diameter and distribution [3]. In addition, spray characteristics are affected by factors, such as pressure, atomizer geometry, gas to liquid ratio (GLR), fluid density, and viscosity [4].…”

“…In addition, spray characteristics are affected by factors, such as pressure, atomizer geometry, gas to liquid ratio (GLR), fluid density, and viscosity [4]. Several studies [3,5,6] reported that spray penetration length is considerably affected by pressure supplied to the spray; moreover, the thermo-physical properties of the liquid do not control the spray characteristics. Khalid et al [7] evaluated spray characteristics by using water-emulsified diesel fuel with various water percentages and indicated that increasing the quantity of water decreases the fuel viscosity, leading to high spray penetration.…”