Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for predicting the toxicity of pesticides in aquatic systems with sediment

Fisher, Susan W.; Lydy, M.J.; Barger, Jack H.; Landrum, Peter F.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620120721

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, methyl parathion has a log K ow of 3.3 (Fisher et al 1993) and a water solubility of 55–60 mg/l at 25°C (Verschueren 1996), and thus it could have been susceptible to loss from the water exchanges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), annual use, and physicochemical parameters of the nine target pesticidesTest pesticidesType of pesticideCAS no.Annual agricultural use in California (kg) a Log K ow b Log K oc c AbamectinAvermectin insecticide71751-41-25,5904.04.0DiazinonOP insecticide33-41-5116,0003.82.3DicofolOC acaricide115-32-211,6005.03.8–3.9FenpropathrinPyrethroid insecticide39515-41-814,8006.05.6–5.7IndoxacarbOxadiazine insecticide173584-44-624,2004.53.3–3.9Methyl parathionOP insecticide298-00-016,3003.33.7OxyfluorfenPhenyl ether herbicide42874-03-3275,0004.56.2PropargiteSulfite ester acaricide2312-35-8174,0003.73.6–3.9PyraclostrobinStrobilurin fungicide175013-18-051,4004.03.8–4.2

a 2008: http://www.cdpr.approximatelygov/docs/pur/purmain.htm

b Barceló et al (1994), Hazardous Substances Data Bank 2008, Saito et al (1993), (http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/agro/FENPROPATHRIN.htm), Environmental Monitoring Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation (2003). DPR Pesticide, Fisher et al (1993), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Pesticide Properties database (

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confidence: 99%

“…DPR Pesticide, Fisher et al (1993), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Pesticide Properties database (http://www.arsusda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=14199), Xu (2001), European commission, health and consumer protection directorate-general (2001) c Wislocki et al (1989), http://entweb.clemson.edu/pesticid/document/leeorg1/leeorg3.htm, Tillman (1992), Xu et al (2007), Brugger and Kannuck (1997), Appelo and Postma (1996), Pesticide Properties database (http://www.arsusda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=14199), Xu (2001), European commission, health and consumer protection directorate-general (2001)…”

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Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Pesticides to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca

Ding

Weston

You

et al. 2010

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Two hundred sediment samples were collected and their toxicity evaluated to aquatic species in a previous study in the agriculturally dominated Central Valley of California, United States. Pyrethroid insecticides were the main contributors to the observed toxicity. However, mortality in approximately one third of the toxic samples could not be explained solely by the presence of pyrethroids in the matrices. Hundreds of pesticides are currently used in the Central Valley of California, but only a few dozen are analyzed in standard environmental monitoring. A significant amount of unexplained sediment toxicity may be due to pesticides that are in widespread use that but have not been routinely monitored in the environment, and even if some of them were, the concentrations harmful to aquatic organisms are unknown. In this study, toxicity thresholds for nine sediment-associated pesticides including abamectin, diazinon, dicofol, fenpropathrin, indoxacarb, methyl parathion, oxyfluorfen, propargite, and pyraclostrobin were established for two aquatic species, the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. For midges, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the pesticides ranged from 0.18 to 964 μg/g organic carbon (OC), with abamectin being the most toxic and propargite being the least toxic pesticide. A sublethal growth endpoint using average individual ash-free dry mass was also measured for the midges. The no–observable effect concentration values for growth ranged from 0.10 to 633 μg/g OC for the nine pesticides. For the amphipods, fenpropathrin was the most toxic, with an LC50 of 1–2 μg/g OC. Abamectin, diazinon, and methyl parathion were all moderately toxic (LC50s 2.8–26 μg/g OC). Dicofol, indoxacarb, oxyfluorfen, propargite, and pyraclostrobin were all relatively nontoxic, with LC50s greater than the highest concentrations tested. The toxicity information collected in the present study will be helpful in decreasing the frequency of unexplained sediment toxicity in agricultural waterways.

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confidence: 99%

a 2008: http://www.cdpr.approximatelygov/docs/pur/purmain.htm

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Pesticides to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca

Ding

Weston

You

et al. 2010

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Once these products enter waterways, they can affect the health of aquatic species, ranging from micro organisms (DeLorenzo et al 2001) to top level consumers in the food web (Robinson 1999). The partitioning of organic compounds will affect toxicity, and the total organic carbon (TOC) content of sediments determines the binding of non-ionic lipophilic molecules (Fisher et al 1993;Ankley et al 1994;Delle Site 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the partitioning of pesticides relative to the survival and behaviour of exposed amphipods

et al. 2008

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Pesticides sprayed on farmlands can end up in rivers and be transported into estuaries, where they could affect aquatic organisms in freshwater and marine habitats. A series of experiments were conducted using the amphipod Corophium volutator Pallas (Amphipoda, Corophiidae) and single pesticides, namely atrazine (AT), azinphos-methyl (AZ), carbofuran (CA) and endosulfan (EN) that were added to sediments and covered with seawater. Our goal was to compare the concentrations affecting the survival of the animals relative to potential attractant or repellent properties of sediment-spiked pesticides. The avoidance/preference of contaminated/reference sediments by amphipods was examined after 48 and 96 h of exposure using sediments with different organic carbon content. The octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(ow)) ranked the pesticides binding to sediments as EN > AZ > AT > CA. LC(50) and LC(20) covered a wide range of nominal concentrations and ranked toxicity as CA-AZ > EN > AT. Under the experimental set up, only EN initiated an avoidance response and the organic carbon normalised concentration provided consistent results. Using the present data with wide confidence limits, >20% of a population of C. volutator could perish due to the presence of EN before relocation or detecting CA or AZ in sediments by chemical analysis.

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Handbook of Molecular Descriptors

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Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for predicting the toxicity of pesticides in aquatic systems with sediment

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Pesticides to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca

Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Pesticides to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca

Comparison of the partitioning of pesticides relative to the survival and behaviour of exposed amphipods

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