Quantitative Studies of Mycobacterium Johnei in the Tissues of Sheep

Brotherston, J G.; Gilmour, N.J.L.; Samuel, Jitin

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(61)80035-0

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…There is a need to develop an infection model that reliably produces clinical disease so that improved immunodiagnostics and vaccine efficacy studies for the prevention of infection, pathology, and clinical disease can be better understood. Most sheep models use oral inoculation as the preferred route of challenge, as this closely mimics naturally occurring infection or disease (7,26,33,40,41). The dose of the inoculum and the number of doses used have varied markedly between the different infection models used to date, with doses from 10 3 CFU to 10 10 CFU reported to cause infection (7,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most sheep models use oral inoculation as the preferred route of challenge, as this closely mimics naturally occurring infection or disease (7,26,33,40,41). The dose of the inoculum and the number of doses used have varied markedly between the different infection models used to date, with doses from 10 3 CFU to 10 10 CFU reported to cause infection (7,35). While lower doses can establish infection in 50% of challenged animals, they do not appear to produce clinical disease.…”

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“…Sheep challenged with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from cattle, deer, and sheep become infected or develop clinical disease (3,4,7,16,24,40). The infecting bacteria can be either a direct tissue isolate (22,24,44) or passaged by serial laboratory culture (42,44) in vitro.…”

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Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

et al. 2005

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Johne's disease in ruminants results in chronic enteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. This study examined two M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (JD3 and W), using different doses and routes of infection, to establish the optimal time postchallenge when predictable levels of infection, gut lesions, and clinical disease occur in a large proportion of sheep. While a small proportion (25%) of sheep challenged with a low-passage-number laboratory culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain W) became infected, no infection was found in animals exposed to a high-passagenumber culture isolate of strain W. In contrast, a primary tissue homogenate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (JD3) resulted in high (90%) infection rates and gut histopathology following oral or intratonsillar challenge. The optimal conditions necessary to produce Johne's disease involve oral inoculation of 3-month-old lambs with four doses of 5 ؋ 10 8 CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated directly from the gut lymphatic tissues of clinically affected sheep. This resulted in consistent gut histopathology at 9 months and the onset of clinical disease by 11 months postchallenge.

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Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

et al. 2005

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“…Animals that are inoculated with MAP may overcome the infection. 4,5,16,39 Exposed animals that had negative culture results from tissues (Fig. 4) have possibly eliminated the bacteria or are controlling the infection to a level lower than can be detected by microbiological culture of tissue.…”

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Enzyme-Linked Immunospot: An Alternative Method for the Detection of Interferon Gamma in Johne's Disease

et al. 2009

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Abstract. To date, the sensitivity of the interferon gamma (IFN-c) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Johne's disease (JD) has been poor, especially in the early stages of disease. To improve the sensitivity of IFN-c detection in the early stages of infection, an alternate assay needs to be developed. The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of cytokines and has the potential to improve the diagnosis of JD. Of the variables examined, choice of capture antibody and the method by which the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated significantly affected the ability to enumerate IFN-c-secreting cells. The ELISPOT assay was as sensitive as or better than the IFN-c ELISA at detecting ovine JD and could also detect disease at early time points postinoculation. The IFN-c ELISPOT could distinguish infected from unexposed animals; however, neither the IFN-c ELISA nor the ELISPOT assay could distinguish between sheep experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and those exposed to the bacterium but diagnosed as uninfected at necropsy.

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“…Cattle nos. 1-34 (see the table) were examined only by a routine culture method for M. johnei (Brotherston, Gilmour and Samuel, 1961). This method did not absolutely exclude the possibility of fungal contamination.…”

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Alimentary Mycotic Lesions in Cattle: A Histological and Cultural Study

Angus

Gilmour

Dawson

1973

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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VARIOUS manifestations of alimentary mycosis in cattle have been recorded by several authors (Gleiser, 1953;Ainsworth and Austwick, 1955;Davis, Anderson and McCrory, 1955; Gitter and Austwick, 1957;Cordes and Shortridge, 1968) and a review of the literature on alimentary mycosis in animals was carried out by Smith (1968). Reports indicate that fungal infections of the digestive tract are generally sporadic. Austwick (1 962) found miliary nodules containing " asteroid bodies " in 66 per cent. of the lungs of slaughtered dairy cows; about half of the lesions contained fungal hyphae. Recently, microscopical lesions containing asteroid bodies which enclosed hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus were observed in the intestines and mesenteric lymphnodes in two groups of experimental calves dosed with Mycobacterium avium (Gilmour and Angus, 1969; Angus and Gilmour, 1970), but it was not known at that time whether such lesions were common in cattle kept in farm environments.This communication describes similar lesions in apparently healthy cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and the isolation of a number of fungal species from the mesenteric lymph-nodes. The findings came to light in a survey originally designed to study the incidence of M. johnei infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals.Material from 100 cattle was obtained from the municipal abattoir in Edinburgh between 1 Jan. and 31 Aug. 1971. Intestines and mesenteric lymph-nodes were collected three or four times weekly.Histology. Two blocks of tissue, including the Peyer's patch, were taken from each of six 3-m lengths of small intestine from every animal, and one block from the mesenteric lymph-node draining each length (Gilmour, Nisbet and Brotherston, 1965). The material was fixed in 10 per cent. buffered formol-saline, with secondary fixation in formol-sublimate, Tissue was embedded in param-wax and sections 5 pm thick were cut and stained with celestin blue-Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Ziehl-Neelsen and van Gieson methods, and Perl's method for haemosiderin, were also used.Cultural techniques. Cattle nos. 1-34 (see the table) were examined only by a routine culture method for M. johnei (Brotherston, Gilmour and Samuel, 1961). This method did not absolutely exclude the possibility of fungal contamination. Cattle nos. 35-100 were examined by a method designed specifically for the isolation of pathogenic fungi. Lymphnodes were taken from the middle of the mesenteric chain, but they were not the same as

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Quantitative Studies of Mycobacterium Johnei in the Tissues of Sheep

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

Enzyme-Linked Immunospot: An Alternative Method for the Detection of Interferon Gamma in Johne's Disease

Alimentary Mycotic Lesions in Cattle: A Histological and Cultural Study

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