Quantitative Study of Crustal Structure Spatial Variation Based on Gravity Anomalies in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implication for Earthquake Susceptibility Assessment

Abstract

Areas with sharp spatial changes in crustal structure are usually considered prone to strong earthquakes, especially late Cenozoic structural zones. However, quantitative relationships have not been established between the occurrence of earthquakes and the extent to which the crustal structure changes. The crustal structure can be reflected by gravity anomalies. In this study, we investigate the crustal structure variation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau based on the gravity data acquired by the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. The multiscales wavelet decomposition and power spectrum methods are used to analyze the spatial variation of crustal structure at different depths. Based on a fourth‐order wavelet map, four variable factors are constructed to represent the spatial variations of the crustal structure, and their statistical relationship with earthquakes is studied. The results show that the changing rate of the gravity anomalies is significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of earthquakes. Areas of high earthquake hazards are places where the gravity field changes dramatically, usually with a value of 11°–18° for the SLP (slope) index. The assessment efficiency of the SLP increases with the earthquake magnitude. According to the SLP index, several regions are assessed to have a high level of risk for strong earthquakes in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, including the Longmenshan Fault belt, where a Ms8.0 earthquake occurred in 2008, thus demonstrating the promising implications of our method in the earthquake susceptibility assessment.