Quantitative study of ruthenium cross-over in direct methanol fuel cells during early operation hours

Schökel, Alexander; Melke, Julia; Bruns, Michael; Wippermann, Klaus; Kuppler, Frank; Roth, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.119

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In another study, the anode electrode surface was saturated with metal oxides after long‐term operation, thereby reducing the specific surface area of the catalyst and decreasing the fuel cell activity 308 . It was proven that Ru crossover from anode to cathode in Schoekel et al study 309 after certain time of processing (Figure 3). The crossed over Ru interferes with the reaction in the cathode, leading to diminished overall performance of DMFC.…”

Section: Conflicts Feature In Direct Liquid Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 92%

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

et al. 2021

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Summary Direct liquid fuel cell (DLFC) is one of the leading fuel cell types due to their great features of superior energy density, modest configuration, small size in fuel container, immediate boosting, and effortless storage and carriage. Commercially used liquid fuel types are prepared using alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, glycol, and acids. DLFCs face great challenges although they are potentially far‐reaching depending on the expensive catalysts and the use of high‐loading catalyst. More questions that should be addressed to ensure excellent DLFC performance include cathode flooding, fuel crossover, numerous side yield production, fuel security, and unverified elongated‐duration robustness. Further studies need to be carried out to ensure the continuous improvement of the quality of DLFCs' performance and their penetration in the commercial market. To date, direct liquid fuel cells made of methanol and ethanol have been successfully produced in commercial scale, but other types of DLFCs are still under study. In this review, introduction to DLFC will be discussed by covering work and commercialization as well as recent progress and challenges encountered.

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Section: Conflicts Feature In Direct Liquid Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 92%

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

et al. 2021

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“…39 In MEAs, the loss of ruthenium into the electrolyte can have a detrimental effect on the operation of a device, as has been documented in direct methanol fuel cells where dissolution of the anode can lead to transport of ruthenium to the cathode, limiting performance and lifetime. 40 Sun et al recently proposed that local coordination geometry of the octahedral {IrO 6 } units in solid oxides could affect OER activity, with increasing local distortion broadening Ir 5d and O 2p bands leading to greater specic activities. 22 Thus the pyrochlore Pb 2 Ir 2 O 6.5 with irregular {IrO 6 } octahedra was more active than IrO 2 with compressed {IrO 6 } units, which in turn is more active than Bi 2 Ir 2 O 7 with regular {IrO 6 } octahedra.…”

Section: Application Of Pyrochlores In Membrane Electrode Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the flexibility of the pyrochlore composition for acid-resilient iridium oxide electrocatalysts in proton exchange membranes

et al. 2021

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“…In the absence of Ru near the Pt catalyst, the firmly bonded CO molecule generated following reactant transfer will degrade the Pt surface. As a result, it is critical to avoid certain operating circumstances that lead to Ru leaching [166]. Additionally, the Ru leached from the anode will be deposited on the Nafion membrane, causing membrane fouling.…”

Section: Ru Leaching From Pt/ru Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2021

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are typically a subset of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that possess benefits such as fuel flexibility, reduction in plant balance, and benign operation. Due to their benefits, DMFCs could play a substantial role in the future, specifically in replacing Li-ion batteries for portable and military applications. However, the critical concern with DMFCs is the degradation and inadequate reliability that affect the overall value chain and can potentially impede the commercialization of DMFCs. As a consequence, a reliability assessment can provide more insight into a DMFC component’s attributes. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the integral component of the DMFC stack. A comprehensive understanding of its functional attributes and degradation mechanism plays a significant role in its commercialization. The methanol crossover through the membrane, carbon monoxide poisoning, high anode polarization by methanol oxidation, and operating parameters such as temperature, humidity, and others are significant contributions to MEA degradation. In addition, inadequate reliability of the MEA impacts the failure mechanism of DMFC, resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of several factors leading to the MEA degradation mechanism in order to develop a holistic understanding.

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Quantitative study of ruthenium cross-over in direct methanol fuel cells during early operation hours

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

Exploiting the flexibility of the pyrochlore composition for acid-resilient iridium oxide electrocatalysts in proton exchange membranes

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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