Quantitative study of tunneling and hook resorption in metabolic bone disease

Satô, Kôzô; Byers, Paul D.

doi:10.1007/bf02409474

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In general, osteoclast precursors (boneresorbing cells) have been reported to attach only to mineralized tissue (40), and thus, the increased osteoid at the internal bone surfaces (such as cancellous surfaces and Haversian canals) may result in less contact surface for osteoclasts to maintain the remodeling process. Tunneling resorption has been previously observed as an alternative pathway for osteoclasts to remove calcified matrix from the inner surface of osteoid, but this resorption pattern has only been reported in severe cases of osteomalacia (OS/BS > 60 to 80%) (44) and was not observed in our study group (mean OS/BS ≈ 40%). Consequently, the bone within the osteoid frames has the characteristics of higher tissue age because it is largely excluded from the remodeling process.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Early Signs of Aging in Human Bone, Increasing the Risk of Fracture

et al. 2013

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Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread medical condition that plays a major role in human bone health. Fracture susceptibility in the context of low vitamin D has been primarily associated with defective mineralization of collagenous matrix (osteoid). However, bone's fracture resistance is due to toughening mechanisms at various hierarchical levels ranging from the nano- to the microstructure. Thus, we hypothesize that the increase in fracture risk with vitamin D deficiency may be triggered by numerous pathological changes and may not solely derive from the absence of mineralized bone. We found that the characteristic increase in osteoid-covered surfaces in vitamin D-deficient bone hampers remodeling of the remaining mineralized bone tissue. Using spatially resolved synchrotron bone mineral density distribution analyses and spectroscopic techniques, we observed that the bone tissue within the osteoid frame has a higher mineral content with mature collagen and mineral constituents, which are characteristic of aged tissue. In situ fracture mechanics measurements and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography of the crack path indicated that vitamin D deficiency increases both the initiation and propagation of cracks by 22 to 31%. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is not simply associated with diminished bone mass. Our analyses reveal the aged nature of the remaining mineralized bone and its greatly decreased fracture resistance. Through a combination of characterization techniques spanning multiple size scales, our study expands the current clinical understanding of the pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency and helps explain why well-balanced vitamin D levels are essential to maintain bone's structural integrity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Early Signs of Aging in Human Bone, Increasing the Risk of Fracture

et al. 2013

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“…ROD type IIIb) [67], were observed. Similar resorption sites were first described by Woods (1972) and later quantified by Sato (1981) under conditions of osteoidosis and increased PTH serum levels [68], [69]. The cause was suspected to be multifactorial, including maintenance of calcium homeostasis through a compensatory increase in resorption depth in osteomalacic situations and PTH-induced overstimulation of osteoclasts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Trabecular Reorganization in Consecutive Iliac Crest Biopsies when Switching from Bisphosphonate to Strontium Ranelate Treatment

et al. 2011

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BackgroundSeveral agents are available to treat osteoporosis while addressing patient-specific medical needs. Individuals' residual risk to severe fracture may require changes in treatment strategy. Data at osseous cellular and microstructural levels due to a therapy switch between agents with different modes of action are rare. Our study on a series of five consecutively taken bone biopsies from an osteoporotic individual over a six-year period analyzes changes in cellular characteristics, bone microstructure and mineralization caused by a therapy switch from an antiresorptive (bisphosphonate) to a dual action bone agent (strontium ranelate).Methodology/Principal FindingsBiopsies were progressively taken from the iliac crest of a female patient. Four biopsies were taken during bisphosphonate therapy and one biopsy was taken after one year of strontium ranelate (SR) treatment. Furthermore, serum bone markers and dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements were acquired. Undecalcified histology was used to assess osteoid parameters and bone turnover. Structural indices and degree of mineralization were determined using microcomputed tomography, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and combined energy dispersive x-ray/µ-x-ray-fluorescence microanalysis.Conclusions/SignificanceMicrostructural data revealed a notable increase in bone volume fraction after one year of SR treatment compared to the bisphosphonate treatment period. Indices of connectivity density, structure model index and trabecular bone pattern factor were predominantly enhanced indicating that the architectural transformation from trabecular rods to plates was responsible for the bone volume increase and less due to changes in trabecular thickness and number. Administration of SR following bisphosphonates led to a maintained mineralization profile with an uptake of strontium on the bone surface level. Reactivated osteoclasts designed tunneling, hook-like intratrabecular resorption sites. The appearance of tunneling resorption lacunae and the formation of both mini-modeling units and osteon-like structures within increased plate-like cancellous bone mass provides additional information on the mechanisms of strontium ranelate following bisphosphonate treatment, which may deserve special attention when monitoring a treatment switch.

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“…The significant correlation of the number of osteons with the trabecular width and the higher prevalence in more massive structures reconfirmed our earlier study (Sato et al 1986), suggesting that the osteons are formed so as to meet the metabolic need of thickened trabeculae by extending the surface available for remodeling and gas exchange with the blood flow within the canal. But we postulate an additional significance for this phenomenon: it compensates for the loss of surface available for resorption as the result of increased osteoid coverage (Sato and Byers 1981). In Table 3 there is a close correlation between the osteoid surface and the number of tunneling resorptions; an increased osteoid implies the surface available for resorption correspondingly narrowed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The ages ranged from 16 to 79 years. The biopsies were classified as OM if the osteoid surface exceeded 30% and the osteoid volume exceeded 14% (Sato et al 1981; Melsen and Mosekilde 1981), and osteid seam thickness exceeded 20,am (Woods et al 1972; Parfitt et al 1985). 3) Twelve cases of renal osteodystrophy (ROD), all due to primary renal failure, aged between 26 and 57 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described by Sate et al (1986), Class B contains cutting cones of osteons, dissecting resorption cavities from the marrow space, and osteons in a resorption phase. The dissecting resorption cavities are tunneling and hook varieties, and are defined elsewhere (Sato and Byers 1981). The criterion to select the osteons from those cavities was based on the mean external diameter of 84 Class A osteons in normal bone (Sato et al 1986).…”

Section: The Classification Of Intratrabecular Cavities and Osteonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histomorphometric Study of Intratrabecular Osteons in the Iliac Bone in Three Metabolic Bone Diseases.

Satô

Byers

1994

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Full-thickness biopsy specimens of iliac bones were submitted to morphometric analysis of intratrabecular osteons to study whether and how much the number and density of osteons increase in some metabolic bone diseases such as osteomalacia (OM), primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and renal osteodystrophy (ROD). The biopsies were taken from 16 patients with OM of various causes, 18 with PHPT, 12 with ROD, and from 41 control cases. All the specimens were methacrylate-embedded, sectioned undecalcified and stained with solochrome cyanine or HE. Morphometry included measurements of the density of osteons and the volume of bone and osteoid, partially assisted with a semiautomatic digital image analyzer. Intratrabecular osteons were found to be more numerous in patients with metabolic disorder than in control. It was shown by discriminant analysis that the elevated number of osteons/cm2 tissue area contributes to the differentiation of abnormal from normal bones. The presence of blood vessels in the osteons indicated the biological significance of osteon formation which extends the metabolic surface of trabeculae, providing a basis for trabecular hypertrophy. intratrabecular osteons; metabolic bone disease; tunneling resorption; iliac bone; histomorphometry Intratrabecular resorption cavities and osteons have been the subject of several studies (Jaffe

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Quantitative study of tunneling and hook resorption in metabolic bone disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Early Signs of Aging in Human Bone, Increasing the Risk of Fracture

Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Early Signs of Aging in Human Bone, Increasing the Risk of Fracture

Trabecular Reorganization in Consecutive Iliac Crest Biopsies when Switching from Bisphosphonate to Strontium Ranelate Treatment

Histomorphometric Study of Intratrabecular Osteons in the Iliac Bone in Three Metabolic Bone Diseases.

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