Quantitative synthesis of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan from biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and sugars over reusable solid catalysts at low temperatures

Low-temperature catalytic hydrogenation of bio-based furfural and relevant aldehydes using cesium carbonate and hydrosiloxane

“…27 In addition, the fast ineffective depletion of PMHS was most possible to occur by forming pentavalent silicate species (H 3 Si(Me)-CO 3 ) with carbonate. 28 Although the pentavalent silicate species were active for the reduction of carbonyl compounds, 29 serious polymerization was to exist when utilizing superuous Cs 2 CO 3 (e.g., 18 mg), which hence might decrease the catalyst activity.…”

Separation procedures in the identification of the hydrogenation products of biomass-derived hydroxymethylfurfural

“…However, when combined with UV-VIS and additionally GC, GC-MS and LC-MS [93,94], it allows to nearly close the carbon balance of obtained products.…”

“…The potential of RID is often used for the analysis of sugars that are the HMF precursors or reaction impurities or by-products [94,95]. For complementarity of analysis it is often combined with GC [94] or with MS detector, allowing broader identification of the products [83].…”

“…The potential of RID is often used for the analysis of sugars that are the HMF precursors or reaction impurities or by-products [94,95]. For complementarity of analysis it is often combined with GC [94] or with MS detector, allowing broader identification of the products [83]. A detailed study concerning analytical procedures of hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural towards 5-methylfurfural is shown by Sun et al [91] who present clear examples of HPLC-MS of HMF, FFMF ((5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl formate and 5-MF and GC-MS of the HMF over hydrogenation products, combined also with NMR analysis.…”

Carbonate-Catalyzed Room-Temperature Selective Reduction of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan

“…However, as the catalyst dosage was beyond 0.1 mmol, the yield of BHMF displayed a remarkable reduction, which could be attributed to BHMF adsorption onto the surface of solid K 2 CO 3 , thus inhibiting the alcoholysis of the siloxane intermediate to release the product BHMF [32]. In addition, the fast depletion of Ph 2 SiH 2 was most likely to occur by forming pentavalent silicate species ((Ph 2 SiH 2 )-CO 3 ) with carbonate [51]. Although the pentavalent silicate species were active for hydrogenating carboxides [52], serious polymerization was prone to happen due to utilizing superfluous K 2 CO 3 (e.g., 0.25 mmol), hence possibly decreasing the catalyst activity.…”