Quantitative three‐dimensional shape analysis of the proximal hallucial metatarsal articular surface in Homo, Pan, Gorilla, and Hylobates

Proctor, Daniel J.; Broadfield, Douglas C.; Proctor, Kristopher

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20723

Cited by 18 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The landmarks for each repeated measure were combined with their respective taxonomic sample and subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA). Relative clustering of repeated measures is used to assess the repeatability of the methods used in this study, as has been done elsewhere (Lockwood et al, 2002;Proctor et al, 2008;Proctor, 2010a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed morphometric analyses have been conducted on the proximal MT articular surface (Proctor et al, 2008;Proctor, 2010a, b;, and a few quantitative approaches to distal MT and proximal phalangeal functional morphology (e.g., Duncan et al, 1994;Griffin et al, 2010a;Congdon et al, 2011) have been investigated as well. MT head "dorsal doming" has been qualitatively described in fossil hominins extensively (Stern and Susman, 1983;Susman and Brain, 1988;Latimer and Lovejoy, 1990;Susman and de Ruiter, 2004;Jungers et al, 2009;Lovejoy et al, 2009;Ward et al, 2011;DeSilva et al, 2012;Haile-Selassie et al, 2012), but quantitative data on distal MT surface morphology relating to "dorsal doming" is lacking, therefore precluding morphometric comparisons of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys

Fernandez

Almécija

Patel

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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Modern human metatarsal heads are typically described as "dorsally domed," mediolaterally wide, and dorsally flat. Despite the apparent functional importance of these features in forefoot stability during bipedalism, the distinctiveness of this morphology has not been quantitatively evaluated within a broad comparative framework. In order to use these features to reconstruct fossil hominin locomotor behaviors with any confidence, their connection to human bipedalism should be validated through a comparative analysis of other primates with different locomotor behaviors and foot postures, including species with biomechanical demands potentially similar to those of bipedalism (e.g., terrestrial digitigrady). This study explores shape variation in the distal metatarsus among humans and other extant catarrhines using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (3 DGM). Shape differences among species in metatarsal head morphology are well captured by the first two principal components of Procrustes shape coordinates, and these two components summarize most of the variance related to "dorsal doming" and "dorsal expansion." Multivariate statistical tests reveal significant differences among clades in overall shape, and humans are reliably distinguishable from other species by aspects of shape related to a greater degree of dorsal doming. Within quadrupeds, terrestrial species also trend toward more domed metatarsal heads, but not to the extent seen in humans. Certain aspects of distal metatarsus shape are likely related to habitual dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints, but the total morphological pattern seen in humans is distinct. These comparative results indicate that this geometric morphometric approach is useful to characterize the complexity of metatarsal head morphology and will help clarify its relationship with function in fossil primates, including early hominins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys

Fernandez

Almécija

Patel

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…The situation is more complex in other Plio-Pleistocene hominins (Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004;DeSilva, 2008;Proctor et al 2008). The first tarsometatarsal joint surface is flat and undivided in OH8 and in SKX5017 ⁄ SKX31117 (both attributed to Homo).…”

Section: Fossil Hominin Medial Cuneiforms and First Metatarsalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of a bipartite medial cuneiform in the hominin fossil record: a case report from the Early Pleistocene site of Dmanisi

et al. 2010

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A medial cuneiform exhibiting complete bipartition was discovered at the Early Pleistocene site of Dmanisi, Georgia. The specimen is the oldest known instance of this anatomical variant in the hominin fossil record. Here we compare developmental variation of the medial cuneiform in fossil hominins, extant humans and great apes, and discuss potential implications of bipartition for hominin foot phylogeny and function. Complete bipartition is rare among modern humans (< 1%); incomplete bipartition was found in 2 of 200 examined great ape specimens and also appears in the form of a divided distal articular surface in the Stw573c Australopithecus africanus specimen. Although various developmental pathways lead to medial cuneiform bipartition, it appears that the bipartite bone does not deviate significantly from normal overall morphology. Together, these data indicate that bipartition represents a phyletically old developmental variant of the medial cuneiform, which does not, however, affect the species-specific morphology and function of this bone.

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“…Second, these results may reflect important qualitative and quantitative differences in the shape of the MT head of hominoids that cannot be assessed in studies that use a simple geometric reconstruction of the articulation. It is therefore necessary for future studies to collect kinematic data of the forefoot of nonhuman hominoids (Griffin, 2009) and, as already suggested in the past (Duncan et al, 1994), to better quantify the topography of the MT head, for example using multidimensional morphometrics (Proctor et al, 2008), to include all the characteristics of this articulation in studies of locomotor reconstructions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articular to diaphyseal proportions of human and great ape metatarsals

Marchi

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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This study proposes a new way to use metatarsals to identify locomotor behavior of fossil hominins. Metatarsal head articular dimensions and diaphyseal strength in a sample of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans (n = 76) are used to explore the relationships of these parameters with different locomotor modes. Results show that ratios between metatarsal head articular proportions and diaphyseal strength of the hallucal and fifth metatarsal discriminate among extant great apes and humans based on their different locomotor modes. In particular, the hallucal and fifth metatarsal characteristics of humans are functionally related to the different ranges of motion and load patterns during stance phase in the forefoot of humans in bipedal locomotion. This method may be applicable to isolated fossil hominin metatarsals to provide new information relevant to debates regarding the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. The second to fourth metatarsals are not useful in distinguishing among hominoids. Further studies should concentrate on measuring other important qualitative and quantitative differences in the shape of the metatarsal head of hominoids that are not reflected in simple geometric reconstructions of the articulation, and gathering more forefoot kinematic data on great apes to better understand differences in range of motion and loading patterns of the metatarsals.

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Quantitative three‐dimensional shape analysis of the proximal hallucial metatarsal articular surface in Homo, Pan, Gorilla, and Hylobates

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys

Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys

First evidence of a bipartite medial cuneiform in the hominin fossil record: a case report from the Early Pleistocene site of Dmanisi

Articular to diaphyseal proportions of human and great ape metatarsals

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