Quantitative Trait Loci for BMD and Bone Strength in an Intercross Between Domestic and Wildtype Chickens

Rubin, Carl-Johan; Brändström, Helena; Wright, I. A.; Kerje, Susanne; Gunnarsson, Ulrika; Schütz, Karin E.; Fredriksson, Robert; Jensen, Per; Andersson, Leif; Ohlsson, Claes; Mallmin, Hans; Larsson, Sune; Kindmark, Andreas

doi:10.1359/jbmr.061203

Cited by 44 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The superior bone strength of Ross birds over Cobb, which prevailed irrespective of whether comparisons were made at the same photoperiod, same body weight, or same ash content, probably indicates a more successful selection for bone strength in the Ross than in the Cobb birds; a quantitative trait locus for bone biomechanical strength has been identified on chromosome 20 of domestic fowl (Rubin et al, 2007). What is not clear, is why the differences in tibial breaking strength between Ross and Cobb birds were so much greater under 512-h than under !12-h photoperiods ( Figure 1); body weights for the two genotypes were not significantly different , so greater body weights were not an explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content

Lewis

Danisman

Gous

2009

British Poultry Science

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1. A total of 7960 Cobb and Ross broiler males were reared on various photoperiods or continuous illumination in two trials to 35 or 40 d. Tibial breaking strength was measured in both, and tibial ash content determined in the first of the two trials. 2. Tibial breaking strength was significantly affected by photoperiod, body weight, testicular weight, and genotype. Although peak bone strength occurred at about 7 h for Ross and at 12 h for Cobb, with reductions in strength for both shorter and longer photoperiods than these peaks, the removal of body weight effects showed that tibial breaking strength was negatively correlated with photoperiod per se. However, after removal of photoperiodic influences, breaking strength was positively correlated with both body weight and testicular weight. 3. Ross birds had greater tibial breaking strengths than Cobb, irrespective of whether the comparisons were made at the same photoperiod, the same body weight, or the same ash content. 4. Ash content increased according to the logarithm of photoperiod, but was unrelated to body weight. Tibial breaking strength increased with ash content. Ash contents were similar for Ross and Cobb birds. 5. Despite the significant differences in breaking strength and ash content, there were no broken bones or signs of leg abnormality in any of the 300 birds sampled. Tibial breaking strength data may therefore be of limited value in assessing the benefits of photoperiod to welfare in modern broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content

Lewis

Danisman

Gous

2009

British Poultry Science

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“…One red jungle fowl male was mated to three White Leghorn females, producing 1046 F 2 offspring in total, 827 of which had measured genotypes. This population has previously been used in QTL mapping for behavior traits (Schü tz et al 2002), egg production (Wright et al 2006), and morphology Kerje et al 2003;Rubin et al 2007) and a full description of the mapping population can be found in those references.…”

Section: Biological Materialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the Genetic Architecture of Body Weight in Chicken Reveals the Impact of Epistasis on Domestication Traits

Rouzic

Álvarez-Castro²,

Carlborg³

2008

Genetics

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In this contribution, we study the genetic mechanisms leading to differences in the observed growth patterns of domesticated White Leghorn chickens and their wild ancestor the red jungle fowl. An epistatic QTL analysis for several body-weight measures from hatch to adulthood confirms earlier findings that polymorphisms at .15 loci contribute to body-weight determination in an F 2 intercross between these populations and that many loci are involved in complex genetic interactions. Here, we use a new genetic model to decompose the genetic effects of this multilocus epistatic genetic network. The results show how the functional modeling of genetic effects provides new insights into how genetic interactions in a large set of loci jointly contribute to phenotypic expression. By exploring the functional effects of QTL alleles, we show that some alleles can display temporal shifts in the expression of genetic effects due to their dependencies on the genetic background. Our results demonstrate that the effects of many genes are dependent on genetic interactions with other loci and how their involvement in the domestication process relies on these interactions. U NDERSTANDING the impact of epistasis on the evolution of multifactorial traits remains a major challenge in complex-trait genetics. Epistasis is more complicated to model, detect, and interpret than marginal (i.e., additive and dominance) genetic effects since the effect of specific alleles at a locus depends on allelic frequencies at other loci. In a population under natural or artificial selection, allele frequencies will change over time and, as a result of this, so will the genetic effects. Explorations of the impact of genetic interactions on phenotypic evolution thus rely on the study of populations in which both genetic and phenotypic information is available. This requires models that are able to decouple the effect of genetic interactions on the displayed genetic variance and to estimate the effect of allele substitutions in different genetic backgrounds.Domestication of animals and plants provides outstanding examples of rapid evolution. The genetic architecture (i.e., the number of genes and alleles, as well as the nature of interactions among them) that underlies a trait of agricultural interest determines how fast and how far a domesticated species is able to respond to long-term directional selection (Le Rouzic et al. 2007;Le Rouzic and Carlborg 2008). Dissecting the genetic differences between domesticated strains and the corresponding wild populations is a particularly relevant approach to unravel mechanisms involved in the domestication process. Wild and domestic populations normally display large phenotypic differences for a wide range of traits and as domestication has been a rapid process in an evolutionary perspective, a reasonably low number of major genetic factors are expected to contribute to these differences. As wild and domestic populations for agricultural traits produce viable offspring, quantitative trait loci (QTL) detecti...

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“…Linkage analysis has successfully identified numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with skeletal traits, including bone morphology and dimensions, (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) BMD, (9)(10)(11)(12) bone mechanical properties, (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and trabecular bone architecture. (18,19) Multiple QTLs affecting length are also known and frequently map to loci associated with BMD or total body size.…”

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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Murine Long Bone Length in a Two-Generation Intercross of LG/J and SM/J Mice

Norgard

Roseman

Fawcett

et al. 2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: Study of mutations with large phenotypic effects has allowed the identification of key players in skeletal development. However, the molecular nature of variation in large, phenotypically normal populations tends to be characterized by smaller phenotypic effects that remain undefined. Materials and Methods: We use interval mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping techniques in the combined F 2 -F 3 populations (n ‫ס‬ 2111) of an LG/J × SM/J mouse intercross to detect QTLs associated with the lengths of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia. Results: Seventy individual trait QTLs affecting long bone lengths were detected, with several chromosomes harboring multiple QTLs. The genetic architecture suggests mainly small, additive effects on long bone length, with roughly one third of the QTLs displaying dominance. Sex interactions were common, and four sexspecific QTLs were observed. Pleiotropy could not be rejected for most of the QTLs identified. Thirty-one epistatic interactions were detected, almost all affecting regions including or immediately adjacent to QTLs. Conclusions: A complex regulatory network with many gene interactions modulates bone growth, possibly with integrated skeletal modules that allow fine-tuning of developmental processes present. Candidate genes in the QTL CIs include many genes known to affect endochondral bone growth and genes that have not yet been associated with bone growth or body size but have a strong potential to influence these traits.

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Quantitative Trait Loci for BMD and Bone Strength in an Intercross Between Domestic and Wildtype Chickens

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content

Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content

Dissection of the Genetic Architecture of Body Weight in Chicken Reveals the Impact of Epistasis on Domestication Traits

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Murine Long Bone Length in a Two-Generation Intercross of LG/J and SM/J Mice

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