Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the potential maintenance mechanism of female adult reproductive diapause in Chrysoperla nipponensis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The green lacewing Chrysoperla nipponensis is an important natural enemy of many insect pests and exhibits reproductive diapause to overwinter. Our previous studies showed that adult C. nipponensis enters reproductive diapause under a short-day photoperiod. However, the molecular mechanism underlying diapause maintenance in C. nipponensis is still unknown.RESULTS: The total lipid and triglyceride content showed the reservation and degradation of energy during diapause in C. nipponensis. Thus, we performed combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of female reproductive diapause in C. nipponensis at three ecophysiological phases (initiation, maintenance and termination). A total of 64 388 unigenes and 5532 proteins were identified from the transcriptome and proteome. In-depth dissection of the gene-expression dynamics revealed that differentially expressed genes and proteins were predominately involved in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways, in particular fatty acid metabolism, metabolic pathways and the citrate cycle. Among of these genes, TIM, CLK, JHAMT2, PMK, HMGS, HMGR, FKBP39, Kr-h1, Phm, ECR, IR1, ILP3, ILP4, mTOR, ACC, LSD1 and LSD2 were differentially expressed in diapause and non-diapause female adults of C. nipponensis. The expression patterns of these genes were consistent with the occurrence of vitellogenesis and expression of either Vg or VgR. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that diapause adult C. nipponensis accumulate energy resources to overwinter. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggested candidate key genes involved in the maintenance of C. nipponensis during adult reproductive diapause. Taken together, these results provide in-depth knowledge to understand the maintenance mechanism of C. nipponensis during adult reproductive diapause.

Comparative 4D Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Bombus terrestris Provides Insights into Proteins and Processes Associated with Diapause

“…In the present study, total lipids, TAG, and FFAs accumulated during M and BD and were utilized during diapause. TAG is the main form of lipid storage and the most important energy substance in most diapause insects, and its content is closely related to the occurrence, maintenance, and termination of diapause [ 21 , 22 ]. Mamestra brassicae and Chrysoperla nipponensis reserve lipids before diapause [ 22 , 23 ].…”

“…TAG is the main form of lipid storage and the most important energy substance in most diapause insects, and its content is closely related to the occurrence, maintenance, and termination of diapause [ 21 , 22 ]. Mamestra brassicae and Chrysoperla nipponensis reserve lipids before diapause [ 22 , 23 ]. Lipid reserves remaining after termination of diapause are readily used for subsequent egg production [ 19 ], which was also observed in the mosquito Culex pipiens [ 24 ].…”

Transcriptomics Provide Insights into the Photoperiodic Regulation of Reproductive Diapause in the Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…During adult diapause, their body color changes from green to tan or yellowish, accompanied by the appearance of diapause spots. Based on our previous observations, we have found that starting on the fifth day after adult emergence, diapausing and non-diapausing female adults begin to exhibit differences in body color and weight [35]. Although C. nipponensis can sense short photoperiods and prepare for diapause upon adult eclosion, early laboratory studies revealed that experiencing short photoperiods during the larval stage also affects the physiological state of individuals [36].…”

Comparison of gut transcriptome and bacterial composition of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis larvae associated with host plants adaptation

“…Then, these C. punctiferalis larvae were dried in an oven (Yiheng, Shanghai, China) at 60 °C for 72 h. After drying, dry weight was measured by electronic microbalance (Sartorius analystic, Germany; N = 18). Water content was calculated as: (fresh weightdry weight)/fresh weight*100 (Chen et al 2023).…”

“…The triacylglycerol content of the sorghum and corn reared C. punctiferalis larvae were analyzed using a triglyceride assay kit (Cat No. A110-2-1; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) following the manufacturer's protocol (Chen et al 2023). Differences in weight and nutrients between the sorghum and corn-reared C. punctiferalis larvae were analyzed using Student's t-test at P < 0.05 (GraphPad Prism 8, GraphPad Software, Inc.; San Diego, CA, USA).…”