Quantitative variations in the expression of the mouse serum antigen Ss and its sex-limited allotype Slp

Hansen, Ted H.; Krasteff, Todor; Shreffler, Donald C.

doi:10.1007/bf00485949

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Serum concentrations of Slp were kindly measured in the sera of test mice by Drs. Laura Brown and Donald Shreffler by radial immunodiffusion as previously described (33). Serum concentrations of Slp are expressed in units/ml based upon a reference standard pool.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic studies in nzb mice

Raveché

Tjio

Steinberg

1980

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Hybrid NZB X NZW or NZB X DBA/2 females have markedly accelerated development of autoimmunity when compared with their respective male littermates. This difference is attributable to the ability of male sex hormones to retard the expression of autoimmunity. In contrast to the sex differences in expression of autoimmunity in F1 mice, parental NZB males and females have only minor differences in disease expression. We have been investigating the basis for the difference in anti‐T cell antibody production between NZB and F1 mice. In this study, the appearance of antibodies cytotoxic for T cells (NTA) was studied in NZB and DBA/2 mice and in their F1 hybrids and backcross progeny. A major sex difference in NTA production was observed in the F1 hybrids; females produced more NTA than did males. Castration of males led to a marked increase in NTA production. Furthermore, the NTA production of castrated male and female F1 mice was significantly suppressed by administration of testosterone in Silastic capsules. In contrast to the studies in F1 mice, we found little difference between intact male and female parental NZB mice at any age studied. Furthermore, NZB mice of both sexes who were given androgen‐containing capsules at 2 weeks of age failed to demonstrate a decrease in NTA production. This result suggested an androgen insensitivity in NZB mice with regard to NTA production. This insensitivity, which appears to be a recessive trait, may help to explain why NZB mice do not manifest the sex differences in disease expression observed in the F1 hybrids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic studies in nzb mice

Raveché

Tjio

Steinberg

1980

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…The background strain was BlO.D2/nSnSf, and the donor strains were PL/J, NZB/B1NJ, or the Shreffler stock of FM. Slp expression was determined by radial immune diffusion from the serum of mice that were at least 8 weeks old (13). Serum samples from the NXSM recombinant inbred series were collected by Donald Shreffler in the laboratory of Eva Eicher, and DNA from these strains was purchased from The Jackson Laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 13 and including D13MitJ3 and D13Mit26 were mapped in 83 female progeny from the portion of the previously described backcross PL x (PL x B1O.D2) in which the heterozygote parents were female (Fig. 1 Left).…”

Section: Geneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The name Slp was derived from the original observation that the protein was found only in males of the investigated strains (12). Slp was found in several independent haplotypes (Slpd, Slpu, Slps, SlpP) (13,14), and it has recently been shown to have activity in a putative complement pathway (15). In the liver, the major source of Slp, the difference in expression levels of the protein in males and females is due to nuclear factors acting at the transcriptional stage (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Localization of the mouse gene releasing sex-limited expression of Slp.

Jiang

Frederick²,

Hansen³

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To probe genetic variation in the regulation of sexual dimorphism, we have characterized the mouse protein Slp, coded by the gene sex-limited protein (Slp). Slp expression in many strains is limited to males and is androgen-dependent. However, female expression is also observed in rare strains, due to nonlinked gene(s) termed regulator of sex-limitation (rsl). In As in other mammals, the tissue-specific levels of expression of many proteins differ between male and female mice, and the differences are frequently dependent upon the expression of gonadal hormones. A few of many examples of sexually dimorphic protein expression in mice are aromatase in brain, acidic epididymal glycoprotein and nerve growth factor in submandibular gland, 1113-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in kidney, steroid 16a-hydroxylase P45016a and steroid 15a-hydroxylase P45015a in liver, urinary proteins, and complement proteins C5, C6, and C7 in sera (1-7). In mammalian development, it is believed that the product of a single Y chromosome-borne gene (Sty in the mouse) is the switch that changes the gonad development from the default female pathway to the male pathway. In its simplest form, this one-switch model suggests that other differences between the sexes result directly from the subsequent sex-specific production of gonadal hormones (8, 9). However, not all sexual dimorphisms can be explained solely by this simple model. For The sex-limited protein (Slp), a serum glycoprotein, provides a dramatic example of sexual dimorphism in mice, and a potential model system for studying differential expression in males and females. Slp is the product of the gene Slp, locatedThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.in the H-2 (11). The name Slp was derived from the original observation that the protein was found only in males of the investigated strains (12). Slp was found in several independent haplotypes (Slpd, Slpu, Slps, SlpP) (13, 14), and it has recently been shown to have activity in a putative complement pathway (15). In the liver, the major source of Slp, the difference in expression levels of the protein in males and females is due to nuclear factors acting at the transcriptional stage (16). Full expression of Slp in males occurs only after puberty and is dependent upon the presence of testosterone, androgen receptors, and an adult male pattern of growth hormone release (16,17).Due to an apparent tandem duplication, Slp and C4 form a small multigene family (18,19 Slp (24,25).The fascinating observation was made by Brown and Shreffler (26) that in four strains that do not contain hybrid Slp genes (FM, LG, NZB, and PL), the "sex-limitation" is removed in that females also express Slp (26). Expression of Slp was characterized in detail in the strain FM (Slpd); Slp is expressed only after 4 weeks of age in either sex and is expressed in males at higher levels than in f...

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“…We describe here (1) the effects of gonadectomyand administration of sex hormones, (2) thetemporal disappearance of ESSI inorchiectomized rats, and (3) the discovery of a male having ESSI even after sexual maturity and establishment of a strain based on this exceptional male. Determination of ESSI : ESSI was determined by the single radial immunodif f usion assay (SRID), using alloantibody to ESSI [5,10]. The precipitin rings formed in a immunodiffusion plate were specifically stained with the staining mixture for esterase activity as described above.…”

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confidence: 99%

Re-examination on the Sex-influenced Esterase (ESSI) in Rat Serum

Nikaido

Hayakawa

1989

Experimental Animals

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The sex-limitation of sex-influenced esterase (ESSI) in serum of rats carrying Es-Sia allele was re-examined.ESSI was detected in immature males and females, and orchiectomized rats as well as mature females whereas ESSI in normal males rapidly disappeared with puberty. The rats orchiectomized at weaning temporarily lost ESSI around the age of sexual maturation, thereafter, ESSI reappeared. When orchiectomized rats were administered testosterone, synthesis of ESSI was suppressed as in normal adult males.Effect of ovariectomy was not recognized. The exceptional strain named SI 3 of which normal mature males have a significan tlevel of ESSI has been established, although the level in the males is lower than that in the females of the same strain.

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Quantitative variations in the expression of the mouse serum antigen Ss and its sex-limited allotype Slp

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Genetic studies in nzb mice

Genetic studies in nzb mice

Localization of the mouse gene releasing sex-limited expression of Slp.

Re-examination on the Sex-influenced Esterase (ESSI) in Rat Serum

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