Quantities and Fluxes of Dissolved and Particulate Black Carbon in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, China

Xu, Caili; Xue, Yuejun; Qi, Yuanzhi; Wang, Xu-Chen

doi:10.1007/s12237-016-0122-0

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The SPE extraction efficiency of DOC using a PPL cartridge was 59–61% ( n = 16) for river water and 42 ± 2% ( n = 3) for seawater [ Xu et al, ]. These values are in good agreement with the results reported by Dittmar [] and Coppola et al [] using the same resin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The DBC accounted for (with standard deviation) 3.0 ± 0.4% and 4.8 ± 3.6% of the DOC pools, and PBC accounted for 13 ± 0.4% and 22 ± 11% of the POC in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, respectively (Table ). Detailed discussion of the concentrations of DOC and POC and the concentrations and fluxes of DBC and PBC in the two rivers is presented in a separate publication [ Xu et al, ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest fluxes in July in the Huanghe River was caused by a man‐made flood event when the water reservoir gate at Xiaolangdi Dam was opened to wash away the sediments deposited on the river bed along the low river basin [ Xu et al, ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suspended particles retained on the filter were kept frozen for solid phase BC analysis. The river water was transported back to the laboratory within 1 day and extracted immediately, and the acidified coastal water samples were extracted within 1 week [ Xu et al, ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used prepacked PPL cartridges (Agilent Technologies Mega Bond Elute) that contained 5 g styrene divinyl benzene polymer as sorbent (pore size 150 Å). The extraction efficiency and detailed description of the sample processing are described in Xu et al []. For the dissolved phase, we measured 14 C of total DOC, SPE‐extracted DOC (SPE‐DOC), DBC and permeate‐DOC (the filtrate passing through the sorbent for two Huanghe River samples).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two black carbon pools transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in China

Wang

Druffel

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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112

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Major rivers play important roles in transporting large amounts of terrestrial organic matter from land to the ocean each year, and the organic matter carried by rivers contains a significant fraction of black carbon (BC). A recent study estimated that 0.027 Gt of BC is transported in the dissolved phase by rivers each year, which accounts for ~10% of the global flux of dissolved organic carbon. The relative sources of this large amount of riverine dissolved black carbon (DBC) from biomass burning (young, modern 14C) and fossil fuel (old, 14C free) combustion are not known. We present radiocarbon measurements of BC in both dissolved and particulate phases transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, the two largest rivers in China, during 2015. We show that two, distinct BC pools (young and old) were carried by the rivers. The DBC pool was much younger than the particulate BC (PBC) pool. Mass balance calculations indicate that most (78–85%) of the DBC in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers was derived from biomass burning, and only 15–22% was from fossil fuel combustion. In contrast, PBC from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion were approximately equal in these two rivers. Export of PBC and DBC by the rivers are decoupled, and fluxes of PBC were 4.1 and 6.7 times higher than DBC in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, respectively. The 14C age differences of the two BC pools suggest that BC derived from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion are mobilized in different phases and on different time scales in these rivers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two black carbon pools transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in China

Wang

Druffel

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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112

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Mobilization and export of millennial‐aged organic carbon by the Yellow River

Xue

Zou

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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A combined carbon isotope (13C and 14C) study was carried out to investigate the sources and fate of organic carbon (OC) transported by the Yellow River and preserved in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. In 2015, the Yellow River delivered 3.14 × 1010 g C and 4.12 × 1010 g C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the Bohai Sea. Carbon isotope signatures revealed that the Yellow River transports millennial‐aged DOC and POC during all seasons. The values of δ13C‐DOC ranged from −24.7‰ to −28.8‰ in the river basin, and −21.0‰ to −27.0‰ in the lower reach. The 14C ages of DOC were 415–1690 yr before present (BP) in the river basin, and they were relatively constant seasonally (1320–1690 yr BP) in the lower reach of the river. In comparison, POC δ13C values in the river were less variable (−22.8‰ to −25.0‰), but much older in both the river basin (4960 ± 1690 yr BP) and in the lower reach (4040 ± 1050 yr BP). Calculations using a dual‐isotopic three‐end member model revealed that biomass OC derived from C3 plants was the major source of riverine DOC, contributing 65% ± 8% and 52% ± 2% in the river basin and lower reach seasonally. Pre‐aged soil OC and fossil OC from weathering contributed 21–42% and 6–14% of the DOC, respectively. In contrast, pre‐aged soil OC and fossil OC contributed 60–70% and 17–27% of POC, and biomass OC contributed a minor fraction (13% ± 7%) of riverine POC. Our results further revealed that aged riverine POC had a major influence on OC preservation in the delta and coastal sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The age of OC in surface sediments varied widely (1610–8275 yr) due to the influence of Yellow River input. Pre‐aged soil OC and fossil OC each contributed 32% ± 8% and 22% ± 14% of OC preserved in the sediments. We estimate that about 0.27 Mt yr−1 and 0.07 Mt yr−1 of pre‐aged soil OC and fossil OC accumulate in the surface sediments from POC delivered by the modern Yellow River, and 0.013 Mt yr−1 and 0.002 Mt yr−1 of pre‐aged soil OC and fossil OC enters the coastal DOC cycle from riverine DOC. The millennial‐aged OC delivered to coastal seas by the Yellow River therefore has profound impacts not only on carbon cycling and the carbon budget in the marginal sea, but also on coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.

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Dissolved black carbon in aquatic ecosystems

Wagner

Jaffé

Stubbins

2018

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

142

148

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The incomplete combustion of organic molecules produces a chemically diverse suite of pyrogenic residues termed black carbon (BC). The significance of BC cycling on land has long been recognized, and the recognition of dissolved BC (DBC) as a major component of the aquatic carbon cycle is developing rapidly. As we seek a greater understanding of DBC cycling, our interpretation of environmental DBC concentrations and molecular composition should take into account both the formation conditions of charred residues, and the physico-chemical transformation of DBC that occurs during transit within aquatic systems. We present the current state of knowledge concerning sources, processing, and sinks of DBC in inland, coastal/estuarine, and ocean waters. We feature studies and new methodologies which focus specifically on the aquatic cycling of DBC, explore the relationship between particulate and dissolved BC, and highlight research gaps which should be targeted to advance our current knowledge of DBC biogeochemistry.Fire has been an integral component of terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles since the emergence of land plants some 420 million years ago (Bowman et al. 2009). Contemporary fire regimes are increasingly influenced by human activities, including the use of fire for agricultural practices, land management, vegetation control, and industry (Bowman et al. 2011). Black carbon (BC) is the organic residue formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter, which occurs during both natural (wildfire) and anthropogenic (biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion) burning. Wildfires are the predominant source of BC to the environment and the vast majority of BC Scientific Significance StatementFire, both natural and anthropogenic, alters organic molecules into many chemical forms, all termed black carbon. Although well studied in soils and the atmosphere, black carbon in natural waters has only recently been identified as important. For example, 10% of dissolved organic carbon in rivers is in the form of dissolved black carbon. In this article, we present our emerging understanding of the chemistry, reactivity, fate, and ecological influence of dissolved black carbon in natural waters as well as the research challenges and opportunities.168 Limnology and Oceanography Letters 3, 2018, 168-185

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Quantities and Fluxes of Dissolved and Particulate Black Carbon in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, China

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Two black carbon pools transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in China

Two black carbon pools transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in China

Mobilization and export of millennial‐aged organic carbon by the Yellow River

Dissolved black carbon in aquatic ecosystems

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