Quantities of fixed N and effects of grain legumes on following maize, and N and P status of soil as indicated by isotopes

Suwanarit, Amnat; Suwannarat, Chairerk; Chotechaungmanirat, Sukum

doi:10.1007/bf02374227

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Other workers have estimated similar rates of fixation by groundnut in Thailand (e.g. Suwanarit et al, 1986). Our values for net inputs (29-64 kg N ha-l) also compare well with the findings of other workers with groundnut in the tropics e.g.…”

Section: Groundnutsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Our values for net inputs (29-64 kg N ha-l) also compare well with the findings of other workers with groundnut in the tropics e.g. 42 and 38 kg N ha -1 (calculated from Suwanarit et al, 1986;Dakora et al, 1987) respectively. It has been demonstrated that for there to be a net input of nitrogen to the system the % N from N2-fixation must be greater than the % of total N removed in the harvest (Giller et al, 1993;Myers and Wood, 1986).…”

Section: Groundnutsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Estimates of the residual nitrogen benefit of groundnut to maize in Northeast Thailand

et al. 1993

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Four cultivars of groundnut were grown in upland soil in Northeast Thailand to study the residual benefit of the stover to a subsequent maize crop. An N-balance estimate of the total residual N in the maize supplied by the groundnut was made. In addition three independent estimates were made of the residual benefits to maize when the groundnut stover was returned to the land and incorporated. The first estimate (Estimate 1) was an N-balance estimate. A dual labelling approach was used where ~SN-labelled stover was added to unlabelled microplots (Estimate 2) or unlabelled stover was added to 15N-labelled soil microplots (Estimate 3). The nodulating groundnut cultivars fixed between 59-64% of their nitrogen (as estimated by the 15N isotope dilution method using non-nodulating groundnut as a non-fixing reference) producing between 100 and 130 kg N ha 1 in their stover. Although the following maize crop suffered from drought stress, maize grain N and dry weights were up to 80% and 65% greater respectively in the plots where the stover was returned as compared with the plots where the stover was removed. These benefits were comparable with applications of 75 kg N ha-l nitrogen in the form of urea. The total residual N estimates of the contribution of the nodulated groundnut to the maize ranged from 16.4-27.5 kg N ha -1. Estimates of the residual N supplied by the stover and fallen leaves ranged from 11.9-21.3 kg N ha -~ using the N-balance method (Estimate 1), from 6.3-9.6 kg N ha -~ with the labelled stover method (Estimate 2) and from 0-11.4kg N ha -~ with the labelled soil method. There was closest agreement between the two ~SN based estimates suggesting that 'apparent added nitrogen interactions' in these soils may not be important and that N balance estimates can overestimate the residual N in crops following legumes, even in very poor soils. This work also indicates the considerable ability of local groundnut cultivars to fix atmospheric nitrogen and the potential benefits from returning and incorporating legume residues to the soil in the upland cropping systems of Northeast Thailand. The applicability of the 15N methodology used here and possible reasons for the discrepancies between estimates 1, 2 and 3 are discussed.

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Section: Groundnutsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Groundnutsupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimates of the residual nitrogen benefit of groundnut to maize in Northeast Thailand

et al. 1993

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“…Previous studies to quantify the BNF contribution to groundnut in Thailand used higher fertility soils and added more P and K fertilizer, and yields were higher than in this study from 1,700 to 2,800 kg grain ha -1 (Suwanarit et al, 1986;McDonagh et al, 1993). However, the proportion of N derived from BNF in these studies ranged from 53% to 67%, slightly higher than in this study and in a previous study at two sites in Brazil (Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, RJ, and Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF) using the 15 N enrichment technique (Boddey et al, 1990).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Nitrogen fixation by groundnut and velvet bean and residual benefit to a subsequent maize crop

Okito

Alves

Urquiaga

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-Chemical fertilisers are rarely avaiable to poor farmers, for whom the nitrogen (N) is often the most limiting element for cereal grain production. The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) crops using the 15 N natural abundance (δ 15 N) technique and to determine their residual effect and that of a natural fallow, on growth and N accumulation by two rustic maize varieties. The contribution of BNF calculated from δ 15 N data was 40.9, 59.6 and 30.9 kg ha -1 , for groundnut, velvet bean and the natural fallow, respectively. The only legume grain harvested was from the groundnut, which yielded approximately 1.000 kg ha -1 . The subsequent maize varieties ("Sol de Manhã" and "Caiana Sobralha") yielded between 1.958 and 2.971 kg ha -1 , and were higher after velvet bean for both maize varieties and "Sol da Manhã" groundnut, followed by "Caiana" after groundnut and, finally, the natural fallow. For a small-holder producer the most attractive system is the groundnut followed by maize, as, in this treatment, both groundnut and maize grain harvest are possible. However, a simple N balance calculation indicated that the groundnut-maize sequence would, in the long term, deplete soil N reserves, while the velvet bean-maize sequence would lead to a build up of soil nitrogen. Index terms: Arachis hypogaea, Mucuna pruriens, Zea mays,15 N natural abundance technique, green manures, N balance, small-holder producers. Fixação de nitrogênio por amendoim e mucuna e benefício residual para uma cultura de milhoResumo -Fertilizantes químicos raramente estão disponíveis aos agricultores com poucos recursos econômi-cos, e assim o N é, freqüentemente, um elemento mais limitante para a produção de grãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a contribuição da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) às culturas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) e mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), por meio da técnica de abundância natural de 15 N e determinar o efeito residual das leguminosas e do pousio sobre o crescimento e acumulação de N em duas variedades de milho. A contribuição da FBN calculada a partir dos dados de δ 15 N, foi de 40,9, 59,6 e 30,9 kg ha -1 , respectivamente, para amendoim, mucuna e o pousio. A única leguminosa de grão colhida foi amendoim que produziu aproximadamente 1,000 kg ha -1 . A produtividade da cultura de milho (variedades Caiana e Sol da Manhã) variou de 1,958 a 2,971 kg ha -1 de grãos, sendo mais alta após mucuna em ambas as variedades de milho e após amendoim na Sol da Manhã, seguida por Caiana após amendoim e por último o pousio normal. Para pequenos agricultores o sistema mais atrativo é o que inclui amendoim seguido pelo milho, uma vez que duas colheitas de grãos são possíveis. Contudo, o cálculo do balanço de N indicou que a seqüência amendoim-milho diminuiria, a longoprazo, a reserva de N do solo, enquanto a seqüência mucuna-milho ajudaria a aumentar a reserva de N do solo.Termos para indexação...

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“…Similar results have been obtained Suwanarit et al (1986) who observed that corn gave higher yields following legumes than following corn, with N yield being 17-24 kg N ha-~ higher. The N contributed to the crop will be of economic importance provided it is not offset by other factors such as immobilization of soil mineral N or increased incidence of disease.…”

Section: Utilization Of N From Crop Residuessupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In Thailand, with mungbean, soybean and peanut, Suwanarit et al (1986) estimated the proportion of plant N derived from fixation at 55-66%. This is much higher than has been obtained in the present study (12-33%).…”

Section: N Fixation By Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative roles of N fixation, fertilizer, crop residues and soil in supplying N in multiple cropping systems in a humid, tropical upland cropping system

et al. 1990

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This work provides information relevant to the nitrogen (N) management strategy of multiple cropping in upland systems in the humid tropics of the transmigration areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted on a red yellow podzolic (orthoxic palehumult) soil at Kota Bumi in Lampung Province, Indonesia, where the annual rainfall of 2430 mm allows three consecutive crops per year to be grown. Two sequential systems were studied--rice-soybean-cowpea and rice-corn-cowpea. For each crop, crop residues and fertilizer applied to subplots were labelled with ~SN so that the crop N uptake for the planted crop and subsequent crops could be partitioned into that derived from N fixation (legume only), fertilizer, crop residues and soil. The experiment was conducted over two years (6 crops).The percentage of soybean and cowpea N derived from N fixation was 33% for soybean and 12-33% for cowpea. Removal of N in seed exceeded the amount derived from fixation.Efficiency of utilization of fertilizer N ranged from 9-18% of that applied for wet season upland rice (900-1300 mm rainfall) to 32-40% for dry season corn (410-840 mm rainfall). Residual fertilizer N recovery by subsequent crops was as high as 14% of that applied to corn and as low as 2% of that applied to rice.Legume residues were an effective source of N to the following crop, particularly cowpea residues applied to rice, where percent recovery was higher than from fertilizer. Cereal residues were of lower value as a source of N. Percent utilization of N in crop residues by the following crop was related to the % N in the residues and the rainfall received by the following crop (R 2 = 0.69, P = 0.01).

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Quantities of fixed N and effects of grain legumes on following maize, and N and P status of soil as indicated by isotopes

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Estimates of the residual nitrogen benefit of groundnut to maize in Northeast Thailand

Estimates of the residual nitrogen benefit of groundnut to maize in Northeast Thailand

Nitrogen fixation by groundnut and velvet bean and residual benefit to a subsequent maize crop

The relative roles of N fixation, fertilizer, crop residues and soil in supplying N in multiple cropping systems in a humid, tropical upland cropping system

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