Quantized supercurrent decay in an annular Bose-Einstein condensate

Moulder, Stuart; Beattie, Scott; Smith, Robert P.; Tammuz, Naaman; Hadzibabic, Zoran

doi:10.1103/physreva.86.013629

Cited by 224 publications

(285 citation statements)

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“…As a result, BoseEinstein condensation occurs, enabling the study of quantum hydrodynamics in ultracold atomic gases [99,100]. In fact, nucleation of a quantized vortex [101,102], quantized vortex lattice formation [103,104], superfluidity and phase slip [105,106,107], and the Kibble-Zureck mechanism [108,109,110] have been experimentally and theoretically studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence

2017

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We review numerical studies of quantum turbulence. Quantum turbulence is currently one of the most important problems in low temperature physics and is actively studied for superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. A key aspect of quantum turbulence is the dynamics of condensates and quantized vortices. The dynamics of quantized vortices in superfluid helium are described by the vortex filament model, while the dynamics of condensates are described by the Gross-Pitaevskii model. Both of these models are nonlinear, and the quantum turbulent states of interest are far from equilibrium. Hence, numerical studies have been indispensable for studying quantum turbulence. In fact, numerical studies have contributed in revealing the various problems of quantum turbulence. This article reviews the recent developments in numerical studies of quantum turbulence. We start with the motivation and the basics of quantum turbulence and invite readers to the frontier of this research. Though there are many important topics in the quantum turbulence of superfluid helium, this article focuses on inhomogeneous quantum turbulence in a channel, which has been motivated by recent visualization experiments. Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are a modern issue in quantum turbulence, and this article reviews a variety of topics in the quantum turbulence of condensates e.g. two-dimensional quantum turbulence, weak wave turbulence, turbulence in a spinor condensate, etc., some of which has not been addressed in superfluid helium and paves the novel way for quantum turbulence researches. Finally we discuss open problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence

2017

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“…Hysteresis is widely used in electronic circuits, e.g., it is routinely observed in superconducting circuits 3 and is essential in rf-superconducting quantum interference devices [SQUIDs] 4 . Furthermore, hysteresis is as fundamental to superfluidity 5 (and superconductivity) as quantized persistent currents [6][7][8] , critical velocity [9][10][11][12][13][14] , and Josephson effects 15,16 . Nevertheless, in spite of multiple theoretical predictions 5,[17][18][19] , hysteresis has not been previously observed in any superfluid, atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hysteresis in a quantized superfluid ‘atomtronic’ circuit

Eckel

Lee

Jendrzejewski

et al. 2014

Nature

341

432

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is an emerging interdisciplinary field that seeks new functionality by creating devices and circuits where ultra-cold atoms, often superfluids, play a role analogous to the electrons in electronics. Hysteresis is widely used in electronic circuits, e.g., it is routinely observed in superconducting circuits 3 and is essential in rf-superconducting quantum interference devices [SQUIDs] 4 . Furthermore, hysteresis is as fundamental to superfluidity 5 (and superconductivity) as quantized persistent currents [6][7][8] , critical velocity [9][10][11][12][13][14] , and Josephson effects 15,16 . Nevertheless, in spite of multiple theoretical predictions 5,[17][18][19] , hysteresis has not been previously observed in any superfluid, atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).Here we demonstrate hysteresis in a quantized atomtronic circuit: a ring of superfluid BEC obstructed by a rotating weak link. We directly detect hysteresis between quantized circulation states, in contrast to superfluid liquid helium experiments that observed hysteresis directly in systems where the quantization of flow could not be observed 20 and indirectly in systems that showed quantized flow 21,22 . Our techniques allow us to tune the size of the hysteresis loop and to consider the fundamental excitations that accompany hysteresis. The 1 arXiv:1402.2958v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas]

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“…The quantization of the velocity and circulation can be deduced from a phenomenological macroscopic wave function [15,16]; here, we derived it from first principles. Quantized persistent flow was recently measured in ultracold trapped atomic gases [17][18][19][20]. Stability and breakdown of superfluidity.-We work with γ = 0.…”

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confidence: 99%

Galilean Invariance in Confined Quantum Systems: Implications for Spectral Gaps, Superfluid Flow, and Periodic Order

Sütõ

2014

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Galilean invariance leaves its imprint on the energy spectrum and eigenstates of N quantum particles, bosons or fermions, confined in a bounded domain. It endows the spectrum with a recurrent structure, which in capillaries or elongated traps of length L and cross-section area s ⊥ leads to spectral gaps n 2 h 2 s ⊥ ρ/(2mL) at wave numbers 2nπs ⊥ ρ, where ρ is the number density and m is the particle mass. In zero temperature superfluids, in toroidal geometries, it causes the quantization of the flow velocity with the quantum h/(mL) or that of the circulation along the toroid with the known quantum h/m. Adding a "friction" potential which breaks Galilean invariance, the Hamiltonian can have a superfluid ground state at low flow velocities but not above a critical velocity which may be different from the velocity of sound. In the limit of infinite N and L, if N/L = s ⊥ ρ is kept fixed, translation invariance is broken, the center of mass has a periodic distribution, while superfluidity persists at low flow velocities. This conclusion holds for the Lieb-Liniger model.

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Quantized supercurrent decay in an annular Bose-Einstein condensate

Cited by 224 publications

References 50 publications

Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence

Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence

Hysteresis in a quantized superfluid ‘atomtronic’ circuit

Galilean Invariance in Confined Quantum Systems: Implications for Spectral Gaps, Superfluid Flow, and Periodic Order

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