Quantum Capacitance Based Amplified Graphene Phononics for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases

Keisham, Bijentimala; Seksenyan, Akop; Denyer, Steven; Kheirkhah, Pouyan; Arnone, Gregory D.; Avalos, Pablo; Bhimani, Abhiraj D.; Svendsen, Clive N.; Berry, Vikas; Mehta, Ankit I.

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b15893

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Therefore, in this work, we study the 2D peak position to calculate the doping concentration and polarity for the identification of the COVID-19 spike protein. Unlike previous work on detecting glioblastoma multiforme cells 27 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 28 this work includes specific binding agents on graphene for improved selectivity. It is important to note that this detection platform can be employed for other COVID variants as well as whole viral particle detection and that this is a direct measurement of a viral antigen attachment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Spike Protein Induced Phononic Modification in Antibody-Coupled Graphene for Viral Detection Application

Nguyen

Kim

Lindemann³

et al. 2021

ACS Nano

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With an incubation time of about 5 days, early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that killed more than 3 million people in its first 1.5 years. Here, we report on the modification of the dopant density and the phononic energy of antibody-coupled graphene when it interfaces with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This graphene chemeo-phononic system was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at the limit of detection of ∼3.75 and ∼1 fg/mL in artificial saliva and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. It also exhibited selectivity over proteins in saliva and MERS-CoV spike protein. Since the change in graphene phononics is monitored instead of the phononic signature of the analyte, this optical platform can be replicated for other COVID variants and specific-binding-based biodetection applications.

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Spike Protein Induced Phononic Modification in Antibody-Coupled Graphene for Viral Detection Application

Nguyen

Kim

Lindemann³

et al. 2021

ACS Nano

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“…It is important to note that Geobacter cells with a typical size of 1.5–2 μm (projected area = 0.7–1 μm 2 ) were probed with a 532 nm laser of the Raman spectroscope with a diffraction-limited spatial resolution of ∼360 nm (spot size area = 0.385 μm 2 ). The change in the doping of rGO after Geobacter interfacing can be attributed to two events: (a) addition of electrons from the electrogenic bacteria to rGO and (b) doping induced by the Geobacter’s surface potential from the electric potential of the charged surface species and the dipole moment of other surface molecules. ,, Further, any change in doping in rGO from this “direct interaction” will be limited by rGO’s quantum capacitance. At the Geobacter–rGO interface, the electrons shuttling from the membrane are taken up by the graphenic sheet till it reaches this quantum capacitance limit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface of Electrogenic Bacteria and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Energetics and Electron Transport

Cotts

Keisham

Rawal

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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A synergistic, nanoscale electrical interface with the membranes of exoelectrogenic microbes will have a transformative impact on biological cell-based electronic devices. Here, we report that a conformal graphenic interface on a biocatalytic Geobacter sulfurreducens membrane results in quantum-capacitance-induced n-doping in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that further enhances electron shuttling from the membrane to improve electron harvesting from the electrogenic organism. The quantum coupling of rGO with the connected protein-membrane channels leads to an additional electron density of 3.91 × 1012 cm–2 and an increase in the in-plane phonon vibration energies (G) of rGO by ∼5 cm–1. This n-doping enhances the electron-transfer rate from the cell membrane into the rGO via a net driving potential of 158 meV with a 3-fold increase in power density. The synergistic electron harvesting and conformal membrane interfacing of flexible two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can lead to an evolution in the design of microbe circuitry to power stand-alone nanodevices.

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“…Brain (Motor neurons) Neurochemical analysis of biofluids (CSF, serum, and urine), advanced neuroimaging (PET, MRI), and neurophysiological techniques, including electromyography (EMG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and electrical impedance myography [126,127] No reliable biomarker to accurately detect the disease and monitor the progression, misdiagnosing other types of motor neuron diseases as ALS Graphene phononics have been successfully investigated to analyze CSF and identify ALS & also demonstrate the potential to monitor disease progression [117] Cancer Brain (glioblastoma multiforme) Blood Breast Skin…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2018, Keisham et al successfully employed the graphenebiointerface to study neurodegenerative diseases. [117] In this study, the CSF samples from different central nervous diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and other types of motor neuron diseases (MND) were interfaced with graphene. The CSF with ALS n-doped the graphene lattice (red-shifted the 2D peak) to a different degree compared to other disease groups (MS and MND), as shown in Figure 9a,b.…”

Section: Application Of Graphene Phononics In Biomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Chemeo‐Phononics for Biosensor Applications: An Interfacial Raman Transducer

Keisham

Kim

Cotts

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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limitations of such interfacial systems, it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in systems where biological components are interfaced with graphene.Graphene has been investigated as a robust and sensitive platform for biosensing, both through field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors and electrochemical biosensors. [16][17][18][19] FET biosensors can offer a sensitive detection platform that is able to detect very low concentrations (≈fg mL −1 ) of pathogens with a near-instantaneous response. [20] On the other hand, electrochemical biosensors enable the detection of target pathogens with little to no additional sample preparation, as well as in situ detections. [21] However, FET biosensors typically involve complicated photolithography and deposition processes for device fabrication. Electronic flow through electrochemical biosensors can interfere with the target analyte and/or trigger unwanted electrochemical reactions on the sensor's surface. To this end, Raman spectroscopy provides a versatile bioanalytical platform to assess label-free, chemically, and spatially defined information of cells and tissues at the molecular level. [22][23][24] Although Raman spectroscopy is not the only vibrational spectroscopy used for biomedical analysis, it offers numerous advantages compared to other spectroscopic techniques, such as 1) the ability to analyze aqueous samples, since water has a small Raman cross-section, [25,26] whereas it has high absorbance in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) resulting in possible interference with the sample's spectrum; 2) the ability to scan over a wide range of wavenumbers with high spatial resolution; 3) label-free analysis, as the fundamentals underlying Raman spectroscopy enable the study of tissues/cells in their native states. The molecule-specific bands in Raman spectra provide direct information about the biochemical composition.Numerous review articles are available documenting the interaction of graphene and biological systems [14,15,[27][28][29][30] as well as understanding the behavior of biosystems using Raman spectroscopy. [22][23][24]31] However, probing the graphene biointerface with Raman spectroscopy by analyzing the phononic changes in graphene, rather than the biological signatures, offers unique advantages as graphene phonons are shown to be sensitive to the interfacial events that accompany carrier doping. [32] The objective of this review is to delineate the principles and mechanisms involved in the sensitive graphene phononic modification resulting from the interface with different biosystems and to evaluate the potential biomedical field applications (Figure 1).Leveraging the phononic sensitivity and scalability of nano-biointerfaces has accelerated the growth of unique and versatile biosensors. Graphene has the properties of a near-ideal signal transducer, due to the strong coupling between its interfacial and phononic properties. This enables sensitive yet quick detection of surface interactions on graphene via Raman spectral analysis. The Raman-ac...

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Quantum Capacitance Based Amplified Graphene Phononics for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

COVID-19 Spike Protein Induced Phononic Modification in Antibody-Coupled Graphene for Viral Detection Application

COVID-19 Spike Protein Induced Phononic Modification in Antibody-Coupled Graphene for Viral Detection Application

Interface of Electrogenic Bacteria and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Energetics and Electron Transport

Graphene Chemeo‐Phononics for Biosensor Applications: An Interfacial Raman Transducer

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