Quantum Effects Based Materials for Nanosensory Systems

Abstract

Development of sensory elements, devices and novel information technologies based systems is unique for solving organization difficulties of multiparametral and precise measurements of hydrocarbons and related substances. An effective prevention implies sensory system that provides combines and interprets applicable individual information in due time and then takes appropriate measures. Such sensory systems should record data as soon as an action is necessary. Utilization of quantum effects in solid state systems opened a new way for elaboration of novel sensory materials and devices widely using the nanoscience and nanotechnology methods for their preparation.One of the most suitable examples of nano and quantum effects connection is the process of the spin-polarized transport of charge in -ferromagnetic semiconductor nanolayers with controlled disorder. Operation of a spintronic device requires efficient spin injection into a semiconductor, spin manipulation, control and transport, and spin detection. The relevant role in solution of this problem is shunted to search and investigations of new ferromagnetic materials, which are capable to be reliable spin injectors and effective memory resistors as well.The execution of researches within the framework of the given chapter will allow studying the quantum effects in ferromagnetic nanolayers with controlled disorder. The most essential mechanisms, responsible for the transport properties, electronic and magnetic structures of these materials were determined. It also served as basis for creation of practical spinelectronics sensory devices having in their structure the interfaces such as ferromagnetic discrete alloy -non-magnetic semiconductor.