Quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation with multi-mode N00N states

Abstract

Quantum metrology can achieve enhanced sensitivity for estimating unknown parameters beyond the standard quantum limit. Recently, multiple-phase estimation exploiting quantum resources has attracted intensive interest for its applications in quantum imaging and sensor networks. For multiple-phase estimation, the amount of enhanced sensitivity is dependent on quantum probe states, and multi-mode N00N states are known to be a key resource for this. However, its experimental demonstration has been missing so far since generating such states is highly challenging. Here, we report generation of multi-mode N00N states and experimental demonstration of quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation using the multi-mode N00N states. In particular, we show that the quantum Cramer-Rao bound can be saturated using our two-photon four-mode N00N state and measurement scheme using a 4 × 4 multi-mode beam splitter. Our multiple-phase estimation strategy provides a faithful platform to investigate multiple parameter estimation scenarios.

Relative phase distribution and the precision of optical phase sensing in quantum metrology

“…where P N (φ) is the relative phase distribution of Eq. (10). By considering terms up to (δφ) 2 i the Taylor expansion of the fidelity, we have…”

“…is the Fisher information for the LSS relative phase distribution P N (φ) of Eq. (10). The Fisher information of Eq.…”

“…Coherent measurements involving entangling operations can be useful for phase estimation in the presence of noise [6]. Notable advances in multiple phases estimation have been reported [7][8][9][10][11]. The use of detection schemes with photon-number-resolution allows the realization of quantum sensing protocols without pos-selection, such as scalable protocols for quantumenhanced optical phase estimation [12] and distributed quantum sensing [13].…”

Simultaneous multiple angular displacement estimation precision enhanced by the intramode correlation

“…On the other hand, extending toward the multiple phase estimation with the QCRB has attracted considerable interest more recently, thereby resulting in the potential applications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], such as quantum-enhanced sensor network [29][30][31][32] and optical imaging [33,34]. Moreover, in order to improve the precision of multiple-phase estimation, multimode NOON (or NOON-like) states [35][36][37][38][39], generalized entangled coherent states [40] and multimode Gaussian states [41] have been considered, even in the presence of noisy environment [42][43][44][45]. More interestingly, by using correlated quantum states, the simultaneous estimation performance of multiple phases can show a significant advantage scaling as O(d) with the number of phase shifts d over the optimal individual case [35], but the O(d) advantage would fade away in photon-loss scenarios [45].…”

Experimental demonstration of topological bounds in quantum metrology

“…The QFI was measured in various experiments by using different methods [16][17][18][19][20][21]. While recent experiments tested and verified the CRB through QFI measurements in the context of single-parameter-evaluation schemes [21], the extension to multi-parameter scenarios is generally more complex due to the possible incompatibility of optimal quantum measurements targeting each parameter [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”