Quantum Entanglement of High Angular Momenta

Fickler, Robert; Łapkiewicz, Radek; Plick, William N.; Krenn, Mario; Schaeff, Christoph; Ramelow, Sven; Zeilinger, Anton

doi:10.1126/science.1227193

Cited by 753 publications

(552 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the phase distribution of the THz wave can also be adjusted by using the THz CGH. Here, the vortex beams, which are useful in quantum entanglement and hence enable opportunities in telecommunications 25,26 , are generated. The complex amplitude of the vortex beams are defined as:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Terahertz Modulator

Xie

Wang

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

127

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Terahertz (THz) technology is a developing and promising candidate for biological imaging, security inspection and communications, due to the low photon energy, the high transparency and the broad band properties of the THz radiation 1-3 . However, a major encountered bottleneck is lack of efficient devices to manipulate the THz wave, especially to modulate the THz wave front. A wave front modulator should allow the optical or electrical control of the spatial transmission (or reflection) of an input THz wave and hence the ability to encode the information in a wave front 4 . Here we propose a spatial THz modulator (STM) to dynamically control the THz wave front with photo-generated carriers. A computer generated THz hologram is projected onto a silicon wafer by a conventional spatial light modulator (SLM). The corresponding photo-generated carrier spatial distribution will be induced, which forms an amplitude hologram to modulate the wave front of the input THz beam. Some special intensity patterns and vortex beams are generated by using this method. This all-optical controllable STM is structure free, high resolution and broadband. It is expected to be widely used in future THz imaging and communication systems.S andwiched between the microwave and infrared, THz radiation has been notoriously difficult to produce, modulate and detect [1][2][3] . Recent progresses such as quantum-cascade lasers 5,6 , terahertz wave generation through a nonlinear crystal 7 and THz time-domain spectroscopy 8 are promoting this subject into one of the most rapidly growing fields. High performance devices to control and manipulate the THz radiation are in urgent demand to develop sophisticated imaging and communication system. The filters, absorbers and polarizers based on graphene, frequency selective surface, metamaterials and photonic crystals have been reported [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . However, the wave front modulation devices are still lacking. Recently, a novel technology based on the metasurface has been demonstrated to generate the desired wave front distribution 19,20 . Unfortunately, the specific function of this kind of devices has been determined at the moment of their design and could not be flexibly changed any more. The SLM which has been widely used in the visible light band can optically or electrically control the spatial transmission (or reflection) of an input light beam and encode information in the wave front 4 . The SLM always plays an important role in optical information processing, three dimensional image display, optical interconnections and real-time beam shaping. Usually, the SLM is realized through liquid crystals, magneto-optic materials or deformable mirrors. However, such mechanisms cannot work well in the THz regime due to the lack of suitable materials and the size mismatching between the micro-machined components and the THz wavelength 21 . In order to obtain the STM, a novel technology needs to be explored.The STM requires an array of small building blocks that can independentl...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Terahertz Modulator

Xie

Wang

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

127

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“…The role of the quantum numbers l,p characterizing the LG light fields have been investigated within the context of treating them as LG wave functions [23], and recently the "ignored quantum number" p within the context of quantum communications has been emphasized in Ref. [24] and a quantum mechanical theory featuring the effects of p has recently been presented [25]. The current experimental activity on the production of optical vortices with extremely large values of l and p [21,22] continues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical effects on atoms interacting with highly twisted Laguerre-Gaussian light

Lembessis

Babiker

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) light modes with large values of the radial index p and the azimuthal index l are considered. We give special emphasis on the mechanical effects on atoms arising from the Gouy phase and the phase due to the curvature of such light. It is shown that the additional phase terms for highly twisted light can lead to mechanical effects based on the substantial reduction of the axial wavenumber. As a consequence, axial recoil effects are diminished in the processes of stimulated emission and absorption of the light by the atoms. Both the scattering force and the momentum diffusion are affected by the inclusion of these normally ignored additional phase terms. The magnitudes of the effects are explored using order of magnitude analysis with typical parameters due to the atoms and the light.

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“…The OAM of light is also termed as topological charge (TC) of optical vortex or helical phase front which can be created by dislocations in a diffractive structure. Due to its unbounded quantum numbers representing the states of OAM the LG beams have got enormous usages in fundamental studies of quantum systems [3][4][5][6][7][8], optical communications [9][10][11], detection of spinning object [12], generation of second and higher harmonics [13,[15][16][17][18], wave-mixing [19], generation of singular optical lattice [20] etc. An LG beam is employed to generate optical tweezers that can trap and rotate micron sized particles in the dark central region of the beam [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam with trapped Rydberg atoms

Mukherjee

Majumder

Mondal³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Transfer mechanism of orbital angular moment(OAM) of light to trapped ground-state atoms under paraxial approximation is well known. Here we show how optical OAM of a LaguerreGaussian(LG) beam under paraxial approximation can be transferred to trapped Rydberg atoms.Optical OAM is shown to be transferable to a Rydberg electronic state in dipole transition. The Gaussian part of the profile of the LG beam, which is generally neglected , is found to have an important effect on the OAM transfer to the Rydberg atoms. Numerical calculations are calculated based on this theory for Rubidium Rydberg atoms trapped in a harmonic potential. Our results exhibit the mixing of final states of different parities. * sonjoym@phy.iitkgp.ernet.in

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Quantum Entanglement of High Angular Momenta

Cited by 753 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial Terahertz Modulator

Spatial Terahertz Modulator

Mechanical effects on atoms interacting with highly twisted Laguerre-Gaussian light

Interaction of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam with trapped Rydberg atoms

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