Quantum gravitational corrections to particle creation by black holes

Calmet, Xavier; Hsu, Stephen; Sebastianutti, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137820

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Note that energy-induced correlations can exactly reproduce the area law, thus favoring evaporation at the event horizon to be unitary [61]. In support of the idea, a recent study [62] shows that quantum hair is crucial for the emission spectrum of a black hole. Therefore, the proper analysis of relevant conditional distributions is of great importance for the black hole entropy problem and deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Unruh Entropy of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Teslyk,

Bravina

et al. 2023

Particles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The entropy produced by Unruh radiation is estimated and compared to the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole. We simulate a spherical system of mass M by a set of Unruh horizons and estimate the total entropy of the outgoing radiation. Dependence on the mass and spin of the emitted particles is taken into account. The obtained results can be easily extended to any other intrinsic degrees of freedom of outgoing particles. The ratio of Unruh entropy to the Schwarzschild black hole entropy is derived in exact analytical form. For large black holes, this ratio exhibits high susceptibility to quantum numbers, e.g., spin s, of emitted quanta and varies from 0% for s=0 to 19.0% for s=5/2.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Unruh Entropy of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Teslyk,

Bravina

et al. 2023

Particles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For, if black holes can come within a gnat's eyelash of fully forming but cannot fully form, no information can ever fall into a fully-formed black hole and hence there is no need for it to be retrieved from one. Of course, various (hopefully, at least to some extent, mutually compatible) resolutions of the black-hole information paradox have been proposed [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] 12 . We note that if black holes can thus come within a gnat's eyelash-but no further-of forming, the maximum possible depth |Φ| max of their gravitational wells is finite.…”

Section: Negative Gravitational Mass-energy and Birkhoff's Theorem Ve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewalls, Hawking (Tolman) Radiation, and a Tentative Resolution of the Firewall-Mass Problem

Denur

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been theorized that black holes are surrounded by firewalls, although there is not universal agreement concerning this. We first review basic concepts pertaining to Schwarzschild black holes and Hawking radiation. Then we discuss the anticipation of Hawking radiation initially by R. C. Tolman and shortly thereafter with P. Ehrenfest, albeit for non-black holes. We compare evaporation into a vacuum at absolute zero (0 K) of black holes with that of non-black holes, and show that not only black holes but also non-black holes evaporate in finite time. Next, we show that (i) if firewalls exist, they can originate via Hawking radiation at the minimum possible ruler distance (the Planck length) beyond the Schwarzschild horizon, where it has not suffered any gravitational redshift, or, alternatively, suffered maximal gravitational blueshift and (ii) the firewall temperature is on the order of the Planck temperature, independently of the mass and hence also of the Schwarzschild radius of a Schwarzschild black hole. We then explain the exponential nature of the gravitational frequency shift as a function of the gravitational potential. Next, we consider the firewall-mass problem, and provide an at least prima facie tentative resolution thereto based on: (i) the mass of a firewall being canceled by the negative gravitational mass = (negative gravitational energy)/c2 accompanying its formation, (ii) the unchanged observations of a distant observer upon formation of a firewall, and (iii) Birkhoff’s Theorem (actually first discovered by Jørg Tofte Jebsen). We then consider one aspect of thermodynamics in gravitational fields, showing that equilibrium relativistic gravitational temperature gradients cannot be exploited to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

show abstract

Section: Negative Gravitational Mass-energy and Birkhoff's Theorem Ve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewalls, Hawking (Tolman) Radiation, and a Tentative Resolution of the Firewall-Mass Problem

Denur

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been theorized that black holes are surrounded by firewalls, although there is not universal agreement concerning this. We first review basic concepts pertaining to Schwarzschild black holes and Hawking radiation. Then we discuss the anticipation of Hawking radiation—albeit from non-black holes—initially by R. C. Tolman and shortly thereafter with P. Ehrenfest. We compare evaporation into a vacuum at absolute zero (0 K) of black holes with that of non-black holes, and show that not only black holes but also non-black holes evaporate within a finite time. The times required for evaporation of black holes and non-black holes are compared. Next, we show that (i) if firewalls exist, they can originate via Hawking radiation at the minimum possible ruler distance (the Planck length) beyond the Schwarzschild horizon, where it has not suffered any gravitational redshift, or, alternatively, suffered maximal gravitational blueshift and (ii) the firewall temperature is on the order of the Planck temperature, independently of the mass and hence also of the Schwarzschild radius of a Schwarzschild black hole. We then explain the exponential nature of the gravitational frequency shift as a function of the gravitational potential. Next, we consider the firewall-mass problem, and provide an at least prima facie tentative resolution thereto based on: (i) the mass of a firewall being canceled by the negative gravitational mass = (negative gravitational energy)/c2 accompanying its formation, (ii) the unchanged observations of a distant observer upon formation of a firewall, and (iii) Birkhoff's Theorem (actually first discovered by Jørg Tofte Jebsen). We then consider one aspect of thermodynamics in gravitational fields, showing that equilibrium relativistic gravitational temperature gradients cannot be exploited to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

show abstract

Quantum gravitational corrections to particle creation by black holes

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Unruh Entropy of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Unruh Entropy of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Firewalls, Hawking (Tolman) Radiation, and a Tentative Resolution of the Firewall-Mass Problem

Firewalls, Hawking (Tolman) Radiation, and a Tentative Resolution of the Firewall-Mass Problem

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About