“…In the context of quantum systems, the problem of identifying unknown parameters (or functions) has been explored by a large number of studies and for a variety of applications ranging from molecular physics [12,13,14] and magnetic resonance [15,16,17,18] to quantum information science [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] and open quantum systems [30,31,32,33]. Some mathematical results have also been established in this direction [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. On the basis of different measurement processes and specific control protocols, the goal of these works is generally to estimate the value of one or several parameters of the system Hamiltonian.…”