Quantum internet under random breakdowns and intentional attacks

Zhang, Bingzhi; Zhuang, Quntao

doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ac1041

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent works have established a path towards practical realisation and readiness, by requiring a networked infrastructure of dedicated quantum technologies to upscale capabilities. The essential resource in networked quantum technologies is quantum entanglement, which can be distributed directly [25][26][27][28] or through swapping [3,29] and purification [30,31] operations across an arbitrary topology of quantum nodes [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Heuristically, two attributes of quantum entanglement motivate a networked approach to quantum technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

166

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Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum Internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front-runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in-orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space-based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realise the quantum Internet. The state of art in small satellite missions is reviewed and the most current in-field demonstrations of quantum cryptography are collated. The important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects are summarised. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. The authors conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space-based quantum network.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is an open question as to how quantum networks should be best constructed on mid-to-large scales in order to balance high-rates with cost-efficient resources. Questions of this form have been recently tackled numerically via the statistical study of complex, random quantum networks [17,18,35]. These works have been able to identify insightful phenomena of large-scale quantum networks, primarily concerned with channel length and network nodal density.…”

Section: Benchmarking With Weakly-regular Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 30) can be substituted into the single-path and multi-path expressions in Eqs. (18) and (19) to provide achievable network rates.…”

Section: General Boundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-end capacities of imperfect-repeater quantum networks

Harney

Pirandola

2022

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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The optimal performance of a communication network is limited not only by the quality of point-to-point channels but by the efficacy of its constituent technologies. Understanding the limits of quantum networks requires an understanding of both the ultimate capacities of quantum channels and the efficiency of imperfect quantum repeaters. In this work, using a recently developed node-splitting technique that introduces internal losses and noise into repeater devices, we present achievable end-to-end rates for noisy-repeater quantum networks. These are obtained by extending the coherent and reverse coherent information (single channel capacity lower bounds) into end-to-end capacity lower bounds, both in the context of single-path and multi-path routing. These achievable rates are completely general and apply to networks composed of arbitrary channels arranged in general topologies. Through this general formalism, we show how tight upper-bounds can also be derived by supplementing appropriate single-edge capacity bounds. As a result, we develop tools that provide tight performance bounds for quantum networks constituent of channels whose capacities are not exactly known and reveal critical network properties which are necessary for high-rate quantum communications. This permits the investigation of pertinent classes of quantum networks with realistic technologies; qubit amplitude damping networks and bosonic thermal-loss networks.

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“…By means of the Pirandola-Laurenza-Ottaviani-Banchi (PLOB) bound, it is known that the capacity of a fiber-link decays exponentially with respect to the link-length with a precise law [9,10]. The PLOB bound has been used to understand the end-to-end network capacities of fiber-based quantum architectures [11], to assess the limits of realistic, random network structures [12,13] and idealized, highly-connected, analytical architectures [14]. These investigations have provided essential insight and motivation for the construction of high performance quantum networks, elucidating key physical properties and network characteriztics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-To-End Capacities of Hybrid Quantum Networks

2022

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Future quantum networks will be hybrid structures, constructed from complex architectures of quantum repeaters interconnected by quantum channels that describe a variety of physical domains; predominantly optical-fiber and free-space links. In this hybrid setting, the interplay between the channel quality within network sub-structures must be carefully considered, and is pivotal for ensuring high-rate end-to-end quantum communication. In this work, we combine recent advances in the theory of point-to-point free-space channel capacities and end-to-end quantum network capacities in order to develop critical tools for the study of hybrid, free-space quantum networks. We present a general formalism for studying the capacities of arbitrary, hybrid quantum networks, before specifying to the regime of atmospheric and space-based quantum channels. We then introduce a class of modular quantum network architectures which offer a realistic and readily analysable framework for hybrid quantum networks. By considering a physically motivated, highly connected modular structure we are able to idealize network performance and derive channel conditions for which optimal performance is guaranteed. This allows us to reveal vital properties for which distance-independent rates are achieved, so that the end-to-end capacity has no dependence on the physical separation between users. Our analytical method elucidates key infrastructure demands for a future satellitebased global quantum internet, and for hybrid wired/wireless metropolitan quantum networks.

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Quantum internet under random breakdowns and intentional attacks

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Advances in space quantum communications

Advances in space quantum communications

End-to-end capacities of imperfect-repeater quantum networks

End-To-End Capacities of Hybrid Quantum Networks

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