Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Danilishin, S.; Khalili, F. Y.

doi:10.12942/lrr-2012-5

Cited by 168 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(302 reference statements)

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“…In the field of gravitational-wave detection, a program exploring laser interferometer configurations that can best achieve sub-SQL sensitivity is being pursued, both theoretically and experimentally [14,15,16,17]. As for the methodology employed by this approach, because one focuses on the detection of a classical signal, and because most of the scenario is a linear system or a system operating within a range of linearization, the Heisenberg picture is often employed, and for many such situations, the quantum-ness of the problem only shows up in the spectrum of fundamental field fluctuations.…”

Section: Two Approaches To Quantum Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroscopic quantum mechanics: theory and experimental concepts of optomechanics

Chen¹

2013

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

276

302

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Abstract. Rapid experimental progress has recently allowed the use of light to prepare macroscopic mechanical objects into nearly pure quantum states. This research field of quantum optomechanics opens new doors toward testing quantum mechanics, and possibly other laws of physics, in new regimes. In the first part of this paper, I will review a set of techniques of quantum measurement theory that are often used to analyze quantum optomechanical systems. Some of these techniques were originally designed to analyze how a classical driving force passes through a quantum system, and can eventually be detected with optimal signal-to-noise ratio -while others focus more on the quantum state evolution of a mechanical object under continuous monitoring. In the second part of this paper, I will review a set of experimental concepts that will demonstrate quantum mechanical behavior of macroscopic objects -quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and the quantum Zeno effect. Taking the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics as an example, I will review a set of speculations on how quantum mechanics can be modified for macroscopic objects, and how these speculations -and their generalizations -might be tested by optomechanics.

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Section: Two Approaches To Quantum Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the independence of S F SQL from the details of the experiments (e.g., the optical bandwidth γ) indicates a more universal origin [6,14,40], as we shall discuss below in Sec. 2.3.…”

Section: /2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic quantum mechanics: theory and experimental concepts of optomechanics

Chen¹

2013

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

276

302

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“…Observing signatures of quantum back-action, achieving and surpassing the associated SQL in mechanical systems are of great importance for the future of quantum-limited metrology, e.g., gravitational-wave detections [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. At the moment, it is still experimentally challenging to directly observe quantum radiation-pressure noise in optomechanical devices due to high levels of environmental thermal fluctuations, and there are significant efforts being made toward this [4][5][6][7][8]23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum back-action in measurements of zero-point mechanical oscillations

et al. 2012

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Measurement-induced back-action, a direct consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, is the defining feature of quantum measurements. We use quantum measurement theory to analyze the recent experiment of Safavi-Naeini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 033602 (2012)], and show that the results of this experiment not only characterize the zero-point fluctuation of a near-ground-state nanomechanical oscillator, but also demonstrate the existence of quantum back-action noise-through correlations that exist between sensing noise and back-action noise. These correlations arise from the quantum coherence between the mechanical oscillator and the measuring device, which build up during the measurement process, and are key to improving sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit.

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“…Various forms of the quantum mechanical fluctuation dissipation theorem, arising from various assumptions made about the system-environment interaction have been derived (to cite a few diverse expositions [57][58][59][60][61][62]). Statements and proofs of the "standard quantum limit" of continuous linear measurements, and of the associated "uncertainty principle", have also been given to varying degrees of generality [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. A unified presentation of these ideas, with a few slightly general proofs of certain statements, is provided in the rest of this section.…”

Section: Linear Measurements I: Formal Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Limits on Measurement and Control of a Mechanical Oscillator

Sudhir

2018

Springer Theses

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PAR Vivishek SUDHIR JOSEPH CONRAD, Heart of DarknessExperimental physics demands a certain degree of manual dexterity, the patience to tolerate the mundane, and an inexhaustible supply of optimism. Tobias hired me to work on an immensely sophisticated experiment despite any proof of my possessing these qualities; I am indebted to him for the belief he has placed in me. I would also like to acknowledge his dedication to fostering an environment where the pursuit of science is unencumbered by other worldly concerns. Stefan, Ewold and Samuel bore the brunt of a theorist trying to perform delicate experiments; the stern, yet encouraging, stewardship of this trio ensured that I enjoyed the culture shock. Dal Wilson was more than a colleague and a post-doc; his pragmatic approach to physics provided the ideal counter-point in our attempts to forge a deeper understanding of things ranging from vibration isolation to the subtleties of quantum mechanics. Without the patient efforts of Amir, Ryan and Hendrik in designing, fabricating, and testing of devices, none of the results reported here would have been possible. I hope I have been able to bequeath a better vision of the future of our experiment to Sergey. Conversations with Alexey, Daniel and Nathan have enabled me to vicariously learn how to measure microwave "photons". John Jost once taught me how to decorate a Christmas tree; since then he has imparted some wisdom on frequency metrology, and some on atomic physics. Together with Dal, Victor and Caroline have probably spent the most time with me outside the lab; it was fun to exercise an air of social normalcy with this bunch. Christophe has been an amazing sparring partner on every subject capable of being brought under scientific scrutiny.The personal space required for the pursuit of science comes through the sacrifice of many people. My family back home in India -parents, sister, grand-parents -have had to patiently wait for the brief interludes when I go home. No words can do justice to this and the very many other pleasures they have surrendered over the years for my sake. Before physics attracted me, I was charmed by someone else; I am lucky to have married her. Long time friends, mentorsAjith and Subeesh -have played pivotal roles in my being able to engage in physics; I hope to repay this enormous debt, some day.It was a privilege to have learnt from a few great teachers during my formative years. Their vision of an indelible unity in nature continues to motivate my study of physics. vii AbstractThe precision measurement of position has a long-standing tradition in physics. Cavendish's verification of the universal law of gravitation using a torsion pendulum, Perrin's confirmation of the atomic hypothesis via the precise measurement of the Brownian motion, and, the verification of the mechanical effect of electromagnetic radiation, all belong to this classical heritage. Quantum mechanics posits that the measurement of position results in an uncertain momentum; an idea developed to full maturity within the ...

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Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Cited by 168 publications

References 142 publications

Macroscopic quantum mechanics: theory and experimental concepts of optomechanics

Macroscopic quantum mechanics: theory and experimental concepts of optomechanics

Quantum back-action in measurements of zero-point mechanical oscillations

Quantum Limits on Measurement and Control of a Mechanical Oscillator

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