Quantum Optical Diamond Technologies

Hyperfine Interactions in the NV-13C Quantum Registers in Diamond Grown from the Azaadamantane Seed

“…It can be seen that the spectra of Figure 8 demonstrate a well-resolved hyperfine structure, resulting from the hyperfine interaction of the NV electron spin with both the nuclear spin I = 1 of the nitrogen 14 N atom of the seed and with the nuclear spin I = 1/2 of the corresponding 13 C atom of the seed. As is well-known (see, e.g., [ 3 , 10 ]), hfi with 14 N leads to the ODMR line splitting into three components spaced from each other by about 3 MHz. Additional interaction with the 13 C nuclear spin doubles the number of lines in the ODMR spectrum.…”

“…The next rather large splitting~6.4 MHz takes place for other equivalent systems NV3-13 C(246), NV3-13 C(257), NV4-13 C(234), NV4-13 C(236) and NV6/7/8-13 C257, NV6/7/8-13 C(259), wherein the 13 C atoms are the second neighbors ofrespective vacancies. For the other systems NV- 13 C, the hfi-induced splitting values are smaller but can be measured using well-known high-resolution ESR spectroscopy methods [3,10].…”

“…Hybrid spin systems consisting of the electronic spin of single paramagnetic color centers (PCC) in diamond and neighbor nuclear spins are now widely used to implement numerous applications ranging from quantum technologies to biological sciences (see, e.g., reviews [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]). In these systems, the nuclear spins with their long coherence times serve as quantum memories accessed via the more easily controllable electronic spin of the PCC which, in turn, can be initialized and readout using optical photons.…”

“…The well-known representative of such systems is the "nitrogen-vacancy" (NV) center in diamond having electron spin S = 1 coupled by hyperfine interactions (hfi) to I = 1/2 spins of 13 C atoms that usually are distributed randomly in diamond lattice substituting spineless 12 C atoms with the 1.1% probability under natural conditions. As is well-known [1,2], the NV center possesses unique interconnected optical and spin properties, allowing optical initialization and high-fidelity readout of its electronic spin state, and can be used to control 13 C nuclear spins [3]. Currently, the techniques for coherent manipulation of the spin state of NV- 13 C complexes to perform quantum algorithms or single-shot readout of both nuclear and electronic spins, as well as realize entanglement-based sensitivity enhancement of a single-spin quantum magnetometry and metrology, are well established [1][2][3][4][5]8].…”

“…As is well-known [1,2], the NV center possesses unique interconnected optical and spin properties, allowing optical initialization and high-fidelity readout of its electronic spin state, and can be used to control 13 C nuclear spins [3]. Currently, the techniques for coherent manipulation of the spin state of NV- 13 C complexes to perform quantum algorithms or single-shot readout of both nuclear and electronic spins, as well as realize entanglement-based sensitivity enhancement of a single-spin quantum magnetometry and metrology, are well established [1][2][3][4][5]8]. In particular, usage of dynamical decoupling methods [9] or high-resolution ESR spectroscopy [10] allows experimental observation the NV- 13 C spin systems wherein the 13 C atom is disposed rather far from the NV center.…”