Quantum optical dipole radiation fields

Stokes, Adam

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/37/3/034001

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our aim is to identify the contribution made by the quantum vacuum, and in particular, the role played by vacuum source-field interference. The treatment in this section extends previous perturbative treatments found in [21,28,29,32].…”

Section: Vacuum-source Correlations and Radiation Intensitysupporting

confidence: 67%

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Vacuum source-field correlations and advanced waves in quantum optics

Stokes

2018

Quantum

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The solution to the wave equation as a Cauchy problem with prescribed fields at an initial time t = 0 is purely retarded. Similarly, in the quantum theory of radiation the specification of Heisenberg picture photon annihilation and creation operators at time t > 0 in terms of operators at t = 0 automatically yields purely retarded source-fields.However, we show that twotime quantum correlations between the retarded source-fields of a stationary dipole and the quantum vacuum-field possess advanced wave-like contributions. Despite their advanced nature, these correlations are perfectly consistent with Einstein causality. It is shown that while they do not significantly contribute to photo-detection amplitudes in the vacuum state, they do effect the statistics of measurements involving the radiative force experienced by a point charge in the field of the dipole. Specifically, the dispersion in the charge's momentum is found to increase with time. This entails the possibility of obtaining direct experimental evidence for the existence of advanced waves in physical reality, and provides yet another signature of the quantum nature of the vacuum.

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Section: Vacuum-source Correlations and Radiation Intensitysupporting

confidence: 67%

“…We now turn our attention to the contribution of vacuum source-correlations to the radiation intensity. In references [21,28,29,32] Eq. ( 27) is used to perturbatively calculate the radiated power.…”

Section: Vacuum Source-field Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum source-field correlations and advanced waves in quantum optics

Stokes

2018

Quantum

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“…The (α, k M )-gauge vector potential is within the EDA (93) such that A 1 (0) = 0 is recovered in the limit k M → ∞. More generally, vanishing of A 1M (r) to dipole order requires that ÃT (k) ≈ 0 for k ≥ k M .…”

Section: H Sharing Out the Constrained Degrees Of Freedommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to understand the interplay between localfields, virtual processes, and subsystem gauge-relativity, we now consider various energy-densities in the vicinity of a dipole [17,28,29,45,[54][55][56][57][89][90][91][92][93]. In finding energydensities different methods are available and are suitable for different purposes.…”

Section: Second-order Energy-densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of gauge freedom for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics

Stokes¹,

Nazir²

2020

Preprint

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We review gauge-freedom in quantum electrodynamics (QED) outside of textbook regimes. We emphasise that QED subsystems are defined relative to a choice of gauge. Each definition uses different gauge-invariant observables. We show that this relativity is only eliminated if a sufficient number of Markovian and weak-coupling approximations are employed. All physical predictions are gauge-invariant, including subsystem properties such as photon number and entanglement. However, subsystem properties naturally differ for different physical subsystems. Gauge-ambiguities arise not because it is unclear how to obtain gauge-invariant predictions, but because it is not always clear which physical observables are the most operationally relevant. The gauge-invariance of a prediction is necessary but not sufficient to ensure its operational relevance. We show that in controlling which gauge-invariant observables are used to define a material system, the choice of gauge affects the balance between the material system's localisation and its electromagnetic dressing. We review various implications of subsystem gauge-relativity for deriving effective models, for describing timedependent interactions, for photodetection theory, and for describing matter within a cavity.

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“…At this stage, it becomes important to return to the generalized matrix elements M FI to distinguish expectation values (signifying identical initial and final system states) from the off-diagonal matrix elements that feature as modulus squares in process observables. The distinction, recently re-emphasized by Stokes [82], becomes especially important when physically identifiable effects arise from the interference between terms involving different kinds of multipolar coupling-chiral and mechanical effects in particular, as shown in other recent work [83][84][85] To secure an expression for the rate of an observable transition process, we now work from Equation (13) to arrive at the following:…”

Section: Observablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetries, Conserved Properties, Tensor Representations, and Irreducible Forms in Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics

Andrews

2018

Symmetry

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In the wide realm of applications of quantum electrodynamics, a non-covariant formulation of theory is particularly well suited to describing the interactions of light with molecular matter. The robust framework upon which this formulation is built, fully accounting for the intrinsically quantum nature of both light and the molecular states, enables powerful symmetry principles to be applied. With their origins in the fundamental transformation properties of the electromagnetic field, the application of these principles can readily resolve issues concerning the validity of mechanisms, as well as facilitate the identification of conditions for widely ranging forms of linear and nonlinear optics. Considerations of temporal, structural, and tensorial symmetry offer significant additional advantages in correctly registering chiral forms of interaction. More generally, the implementation of symmetry principles can considerably simplify analysis by reducing the number of independent quantities necessary to relate to experimental results to a minimum. In this account, a variety of such principles are drawn out with reference to applications, including recent advances. Connections are established with parity, duality, angular momentum, continuity equations, conservation laws, chirality, and spectroscopic selection rules. Particular attention is paid to the optical interactions of molecules as they are commonly studied, in fluids and randomly organised media.

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Quantum optical dipole radiation fields

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Vacuum source-field correlations and advanced waves in quantum optics

Vacuum source-field correlations and advanced waves in quantum optics

Implications of gauge freedom for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics

Symmetries, Conserved Properties, Tensor Representations, and Irreducible Forms in Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics

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