Quantum Processes in Neurophotonics and the Origin of the Brain's Spatiotemporal Hierarchy

The Mystery of Chemotherapy Brain: Kynurenines, Tubulin and Biophoton Release

“…It is notable that increased biophoton release can alter the orientation of microtubules. The greatest alteration in the orientation of the microtubules occurs when the wavelength of the biophotons is at 280 nm, which is the peak absorption wavelength of tryptophan (66,73,115).…”

Fano resonance line shapes in the Raman spectra of tubulin and microtubules reveal quantum effects

“…( B ) Section of microtubule B-lattice structure at two angles showing microtubule lumen (top) and left-handed helical symmetry and protofilament (bottom, outlined in black box) (scale bar, ∼25 nm). This image is reproduced from ( 11 ) under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. …”

“…Recent theoretical work has suggested that microtubules possess unique optical properties, including support of exciton transfer and superradiance, mediated by interactions between the aromatic amino acid tryptophan, indicating that they may behave as an optical metamaterial ( 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). In the field of nanophotonics, current research is focused on all-dielectric metamaterials ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ) and two-dimensional successors of metamaterials, known as metasurfaces ( 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ), as these provide less ohmic loss and heating, leading to better performing optical devices.…”

Quantum paradigms in psychopathology: multiscale investigations from biomolecular qubits to the brain, and its pathological states

“…1, Ref. [3]). From this vantage point, quantum neurobiology should be based on concepts ranging from the most fundamental theory (quantum electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and quantum chemistry of chromophores and fluorophores) to atomic rearrangements (cytochrome c oxidase and neuroreceptor/ion channel signaling) and biomolecular functionality (interaction of reactive oxygen species with mitochondrial membranes and cytoskeletal elements) to detailed neuronal studies in animals, connecting these insights up the organ hierarchy to Electroencephalogram (EEG), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and other brain imaging tools for quantum biomedicine applications.…”

“…Electromagnetic effects in neurobiology, which are particularly significant for magnetosensing may be implicated in the mitochondrial theory of five or more layers across at least 12 orders of magnitude, from large (nearly brain-wide, ~10 cm), relatively slow (<10 2 Hz) processes based on neuronal membranes and synaptic network processes, downward and inward to increasingly smaller and faster molecular scales inside neurons, including the kilohertz (10 3 ) to petahertz (10 15 ) dynamics of cytoskeletal filaments, mitochondrial reticula, and their constituents at nanometer and sub-nanometer length scales. Adapted from [3].…”